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25 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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The Scientific Method; 10 Steps |
1) Observe 2) Research 3) Hypothesis 4) Procedure 5) Conduct Experiment 6) Collect Data 7) Analyze, Look for Patterns 8) Compare 9) Support/Refute Hypothesis 10) Summarize in a paper |
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Observation-Only vs. Manipulative |
Observation: Don't want to affect organism/environment, no impact Manipulative: Changing the environment/things |
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Define: Abiotic Characteristics |
Non-living aspects of the environment |
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Define: Biotic Characteristics |
Living aspects of the environment |
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Define: Resources |
All the things an organism needs to be successful (survive to reproduce) |
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Define: Population |
All the organisms within an area belonging to the same species |
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Define: Community |
Various populations interacting with each other within an area |
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Define: Ecosystem |
A community of populations and the abiotic environment |
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3 Factors that Make Earth Viable |
1) Location in the solar system => relatively moderate temperatures 2) Spherical shape and tilt of the earth and rotation => variable light/heat intensities and seasons 3) Gravitational pull of the moon and rotation => Tides |
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Basic Ocean Basin Geography of the 5 Oceans |
Pacific Ocean: largest, deepest Atlantic Ocean: intermediate size & depth Indian Ocean: intermediate size & depth Arctic Ocean: shallowest, youngest Southern Ocean: coldest/roughest, where Pacific/Atlantic/Indian ocean meet |
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2 Key Points about the Creation/Loss of Sea Floor and Continental Plate Movement |
1) Plate location helps determine coastal characteristics ex) West coast has drop-off, East = continental shelf 2) Plate movement determines sea floor activity |
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Sea Floor: Define Mid-Ocean Ridges & Trenches |
Mid-Ocean Ridges --Plates moving apart: seafloor spreading --Location and most hot hydrothermal vents
Trenches --Plates moving towards each other: subduction --Location of earthquakes, volcanoes, mountain ranges, islands, vent |
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5 Causes of Water Movement |
1) Differential sunlight intensity leads to differential warming (because of variable density) 2) Differential warming leads to air movement (winds) 3) Differential air movement leads to differential water movement --waves and currents 4) Gravitational pull leads to tides 5) Variable density leads to water movement |
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Define: Gyre |
A large circular current that flows around an ocean basin ex) Gulf Stream |
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Discuss what Effect Gravitational Pull has on Tides and the Different Types of Tides |
--Tides caused by gravitational pull at one end of the Earth, and centrifugal force at the other --Spring Tide: When the sun and moon are in alignment, the high tides are amplified, and the low tides are diminished --Neap Tide: When the sun and moon act against each other (90 degree angle), there are the lowest high tides and highest low tides |
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Discuss the 3 Aspects of Variable Density's Effect on Water Movement |
--Thermohaline Circulation: colder/saltier water has a higher density --Deep Ocean Conveyer Belt --Seasonal Vertical Mixing *Occurs from summer to fall/winter *Water settles into layers in the summer, then mixes during movement into the next season due to different rates of warming in the layers |
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Marine Environment Vocab: Neretic Zone Oceanic Zone Intertidal/Littoral Zone Subtidal Zone Continental Shelf Break Slope Rise Abyssal Plane Trench Benthic Substrate Sessile Errant Plankton Nekton Bathypelagic Mesopelagic Epipelagic Zone Pelagic Aphotic Zone Photic Zone |
Neretic Zone: Water above continental shelf Oceanic Zone: Water past continental shelf Intertidal/Littoral Zone: Area between tides Subtidal Zone: Shelf below low tide Continental Shelf: Sea floor above break Break: Where continental shelf ends Slope: Where sea floor sinks Rise: Where sea floor begins to even out Abyssal Plane: Deepest sea floor Trench: Dip in abyssal plane Benthic: Associated with substrate Substrate: Some kind of surface Sessile: Stuck in one place Errant: Active Plankton: Movement primarily controlled by surrounding water/wind Nekton: Movement primarily controlled by own bodies Bathypelagic: Deepest water Mesopelagic: Mid-depth water Epipelagic Zone: Upper depth water Pelagic: Open water Aphotic Zone: No light penetration Photic Zone: Light penetration |
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Abiotic Factors that Help Differentiate between Ecosystems: 6 Terrestrial & Aquatic 4 Aquatic |
Terrestrial & Aquatic: 1) Temperature 2) Water 3) Limiting Nutrients (phosphorous, nitrogen, iron) 4) Energy Source 5) Substrate 6) pH
Aquatic: 1) Salinity 2) Dissolved Oxygen 3) Currents/Waves 4) Depth (sunlight) |
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Full-Strength Salinity of Seawater |
33-35ppt |
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3 Kinds of Marine Ecosystems |
1) Intertidal 2) Coastal/Shallow Subtidal 3) Deep Water |
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3 Types of Intertidal Marine Ecosystems |
1) Rocky Intertidal 2) Soft Sediment (ex mudflat) 3) Estuaries |
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2 Types of Shallow Subtidal Marine Ecosystems |
1) Coral Reefs 2) Kelp Forest |
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2 Types of Deep Water Marine Ecosystems |
1) Epipelagic 2) Abyssal/Mid Ocean Ridge |
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Describe Rocky Intertidal |
--Alternately flooded and exposed by tide (very affected by temp and light) --Substrate is hard, good for attachment --Oxygen and nutrient levels high --Regularly disturbed by strong wave action --Highly zonated due to physical and biological factors |
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Describe Soft Sediment (ex. Mudflat) |
--Intertidal --Alternately flooded and exposed by tide (very affected by temp and light) --Substrate is small grain (clay -> gravel), good for burrowing --Nutrient levels moderate to high --Oxygen levels may be high at the very surface (air-water interface), but decrease rapidly with depth into the sediment |
