Ecology, Lecture I

Front 1

What is ecology?

Back 1

Study of how organisms interact w/ environment

Front 2

What is the etymology of the word "ecology"?

Back 2

Oikos = House
Logos = to study

Front 3

2 Central goals of ecology:

Back 3

1.) Understand distribution and abundance of organisms
2.) Recognize/explain patterns in nature

Front 4

Th environment can be divided into two parts:

Back 4

biotic
abiotic

Front 5

The living aspect of the environment is called:

Back 5

Biotic

Front 6

The non-living aspect of the environment is called:

Back 6

Abiotic

Front 7

Interactions between organisms is called:

Back 7

Biotic interactions

Front 8

Abiotic interactions are:

Back 8

Interactions betweenbetween organisms and non-living environment

Front 9

sweating due to heat is an ______ interaction

Back 9

abiotic interaction (organism reacting to environment)

Front 10

Which scale of ecology is "The functional unit of evolution"?

Back 10

Population Ecology

Front 11

Organismal Ecology is also known as:

Back 11

Physiological Ecology

Front 12

What are the 4 Scales of Ecological Study

Back 12

1.) Organismal Ecology
2.) Population Ecology
3.) Community Ecology
4.) Ecosystem Ecology

Front 13

The broadest scale for looking at ecology:

Back 13

Ecosystem Ecology

Front 14

What is the focus of: Organismal Ecology

Back 14

interaction between individual and environment

Front 15

Which ecological study is the "These are consequences of evolution "?

Back 15

Organismal Ecology

Front 16

We ask, “Why is this adaptive and how does it increase fitness?”. This questions pertains to which scale of ecology?

Back 16

Organismal Ecology

Front 17

Population Ecology focuses on:

Back 17

the population

Front 18

Population Ecology goal:

Back 18

understand mechanisms regulating population growth

Front 19

The definition of Community is:

Back 19

all the organisms that interact within an area

Front 20

Name the scale of ecology that, "Examines key interactions between key species"

Back 20

Community Ecology

Front 21

Name the ecological scale that "Expands to include both biotic and abiotic interactions"

Back 21

Ecosystem Ecology

Front 22

Ecosystem

Back 22

all organisms in an area + abiotic environment

Front 23

In Ecosystem Ecology, what are the 2 Areas of focus?

Back 23

1) Nutrient cycles
2) Energy flow

Front 24

Do aquatic systems have distinct climate?

Back 24

Yes!

Front 25

Climate

Back 25

prevailing long term weather conditions

Front 26

Weather

Back 26

short term atmospheric/aquatic conditions

Temp, precipitation, wind, sunlight

Front 27

Temperature is driven largely by:

Back 27

solar radiation

Front 28

Equatorial temps:

Back 28

warm temps (hits 90º)

Front 29

Precipitation is influenced by what two factors?

Back 29

1.) temperature
2.) air circulation

Front 30

Name 3 major convection cells:

Back 30

1.) Hadley cell
2.) Ferrell cells
3.) polar cells

Front 31

Hadley cell are formed by:

Back 31

warming and cooling of air

Front 32

Seasonality
Caused by what 2 factors?

Back 32

1.) 23º tilt of earths axis
2.) Revolution of the earth around sun

Front 33

Results of seasonality:

Back 33

Boreal austral summers
Transitional spring/fall
More pronounced with latitude

Front 34

The side of a mountain opposite of a large body of water is called what? What is significant about this?

Back 34

rain shadow -- slopes drier

Front 35

Oceans Modify temp due to:
Resulting in:

Back 35

high specific heat of water

Result: cooler summers, warmer winters

Front 36

2 Key Abiotic Factors Regulating Terrestrial Ecosystems:

Back 36

Temperature
Precipitation

Front 37

2 Key Abiotic Factors Regulating Aquatic Ecosystems:

Back 37

Sunlight
nutrients

Front 38

What's special about the soil in Terrestrial Ecosystems?

Back 38

Soil retains nutrients

Front 39

6 main bioms:

Back 39

1.) Tundra
2.) Boreal Forest
3.) Temperate Deciduous Forest
4.) Temperate Grasslands
5.) Subtropical Deserts
6.) Tropical Wet Forests

Front 40

Boreal Forest AKA:

Back 40

Taiga

Front 41

Tundra
Temperature (2 parts)?

Back 41

Average annual temperature = very low
Annual variation in temperature = high

Front 42

Tundra
Precipitation(2 parts)?

Back 42

Average annual precipitation = low
Annual variation in precipitation = low

Front 43

Tundra Predominately where?

Back 43

Predominately in the Northern hemisphere

Front 44

Boreal Forest temperature (2 parts):

Back 44

Average annual temperature = low
Annual variation in temperature = high

Front 45

Boreal Forest Precipitation (2 parts):

Back 45

Average annual precipitation = low
Annual variation in precipitation = low

Front 46

Boreal Forest found where?

Back 46

Predominately in the northern hemisphere

Front 47

Temperate Deciduous Forest Precipitation (2 parts):

Back 47

Average annual precipitation = moderate
Annual variation in precipitation = moderate

Front 48

Temperate Deciduous Forest temperature (2 parts):

Back 48

Average annual temperature = moderate
Annual variation in temperature = high

Front 49

Temperate Deciduous Forest found where?

Back 49

Predominately Norther hemisphere

Front 50

Temperate Grasslands temperature (2 parts):

Back 50

Annual temp = moderate
Annnual variation in temperature = modereate

Front 51

Temperate Grasslands Precipitation (2 parts):

Back 51

Average annual precipitation = low to moderate
Due to rain shadow
Annual variation in precipitation = moderate

Front 52

Subtropical Deserts temperature (2 parts):

Back 52

Average annual temperature = high
Annual variation in temperature = moderate

Front 53

Subtropical Deserts precipitation (2 parts):

Back 53

Average annual precipitation = very low
Annual variation in precipitation = low

Front 54

Subtropical Deserts also called:

Back 54

hot deserts

Front 55

drought resistant plants are called:

Back 55

Succulents

Front 56

Tropical Wet Forests precipitation (2 parts):

Back 56

Average annual precipitation = very high
Annual variation in precipitation = high

Front 57

Tropical Wet Forests temperature (2 parts):

Back 57

Temperature
Average annual temperature = high
Annual variation in temperature = low

Front 58

a transport mechanism is called:

Back 58

Advection

Front 59

Still or slowly flowing waters are called:

Back 59

Lentic systems

Front 60

Rapidly flowing waters are called?

Back 60

Lotic systems

Front 61

Name: shallow enough for rooted vegetation

Back 61

Littoral zone

Front 62

Name: too deep for rooted vegetation

Back 62

Limnetic zone

Front 63

Name: enough light for photosynthesis

Back 63

Photic zone

Front 64

Name: not enough light for photosynthesis

Back 64

Aphotic zone

Front 65

Name: bottom of lake or pond

Back 65

Benthic zone

Front 66

Marshes

Back 66

lack woody plants

Front 67

Swamps

Back 67

have trees

Front 68

Bogs

Back 68

stagnant & highly acidic due to decomposition

Front 69

big stream =

Back 69

River

Front 70

little stream =

Back 70

creek

Front 71

Early progression of lotic system. 3 notable parts:

Back 71

low temperature, low nutrients, high oxygen

(Cold water can hold more oxygen)

Front 72

Mid progression of lotic system. 3 notable parts:

Back 72

warmer temperature, higher nutrients, lower oxygen

Front 73

Late progression of lotic system. 3 notable parts:

Back 73

warmest temperature, highest nutrients, lowest oxygen

Front 74

Estuaries (3 key points)

Back 74

1.) Formed where rivers meet oceans
2.) Mixture of fresh and salt waters
3.)Very productive areas
Much oxygen, much nutrients – nursery ground for many species

Front 75

the area covered and uncovered by tides is called:

Back 75

Intertidal zone

Front 76

portion of ocean over continental shelf is called:

Back 76

Neritic zone

Front 77

portion off continental shelf is called:

Back 77

Oceanic zone