Ecology Final Review

Front 1

Phosphorous is released to terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems through

Back 1

weathering of rocks

Front 2

The chemical form of most phosphorous found in soil is available to plants. T/F

Back 2

False

Front 3

Where are the largest quantities of phosphorous found in?

Back 3

Mineral deposits

Marine sediments

Front 4

Where are nutrients stored?

Back 4

Nutrient pools

Front 5

Nutrients are lost via _____ and gained via ____

Back 5

nutrient sinks; nutrient sources

Front 6

What is nitrification?

Back 6

Conversion of ammonium into nitrate by other fixing bacteria

Front 7

What is denitrification?

Back 7

Energy yielding process that is converting nitrate into molecular nitrogen under anaerobic conditions

Front 8

What are types of nitrogen fixers?

Back 8

Leguminous plants, roots, and bacteria

Actinomycetes bacteria

Cyanobacteria or blue green algae

Front 9

What will increase the nitrogen in the soil of a farm?

Back 9

Rotating crops

Front 10

What condition does nitrogen fixation take place under?

Back 10

Anaerobic conditions

Front 11

What two biological processes is carbon involved in?

Back 11

Photosynthesis and respiration

Front 12

What are the only known carbon sinks as of right now?

Back 12

Oceans

Front 13

When did the increase of carbon in the atmospheres occur?

Back 13

During the Industrial Revolution

Front 14

Once dissolved in water, what does CO2 interact with to reach a chemical equilibrium?

Back 14

Bicarbonate and carbonate

Front 15

What contains about twice the carbon present in the atmosphere?

Back 15

Soil

Front 16

Decomposition experiments of Fraxinus anguvstifolia at drier and wetter sites showed that the higher decomposition rate probably reflects the higher ________ rate at this site

Back 16

Precipitation rate

Front 17

What is the best ratio to predict mass loss in decomposition of plants?

Back 17

Toughness to Nitrogen

Front 18

The average annual mass loss in tropical forests are _____ times the average rate of temperate forests

Back 18

THREE

Front 19

In summary, decomposition in terrestrial ecosystems is influenced by _____, ______, ______, and the chemical composition of the litter.

Back 19

Moisture, temperature, and soil fertility

Front 20

What is the exponential equation for time in the Keller Suberkropp and Eric Chauvet experiment?

Back 20

Mt=m0e^-kt

Front 21

Disturbance generally decreases the nutrients lost in an ecosystem

Back 21

False

Front 22

Any relatively discrete event that disrupts ecosystems, community, or population structure and changes resources, substrate availability, or the physical environment is ____

Back 22

Disturbance

Front 23

Annual peak in ____ is associated with spring snowmelt

Back 23

Phosphorous

Front 24

Meyer and Likens found that phosphorous exports were _____ and associated with periods of _____.

Back 24

Highly episodic; high flow

Front 25

Nutrient uptake by _____ is the most important in ecosystems with fertile soils and warm, moist conditions.

Back 25

Vegitation

Front 26

The Myrica faya tree _____ the nitrogen in the soil

Back 26

Increased

Front 27

Why do scientists see bison and prairie dogs coexisting?

Back 27

Prairie dog activity cultivates the land to allow for grasses higher in nitrogen and protein favored by the bison

Front 28

How do gophers have a positive influence on plant diversity?

Back 28

Burrowing in the soil brings subsurface soil full of nutrients to the surface which influences plant diversity

Front 29

There is a negative relationship between grazing intensity and turnover in plant biomass. T/F

Back 29

False

Front 30

Ecosystems with less nutrient availability decompose faster T/F

Back 30

False

Front 31

What is spiraling length?

Back 31

Length of stream required for a nutrient atom to complete a cycle

Front 32

If there is a short spiraling length, there will be a ______

Back 32

High nutrient retentiveness

Front 33

What did the study done by Vanni, Flecker, Hood, and Headworth show about aquatic vertebrates and nutrient cycling?

Back 33

The levels of nitrogen and phosphorous differed among aquatic organisms according to each species' allocation of nutrients

Front 34

What aspect of the salmon life cycle is crucial for nutrient cycling to occur?

Back 34

Death and decay in the same location as their birth

Front 35

In the S=VT formula, what does the V stand for?

What does the T stand for?

Back 35

V stands for the average velocity at which the nutrient atom moves downstream

T stands for the average time for a nutrient atom to complete a cycle