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74 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Two types of evolution
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anatomical, physiological
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define nutrients
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raw materials that organisms need to live
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What did Narkarni explore?
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rainforest canopy
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What did davis study?
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pollen in lake sediment
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Who was the boilerplate rhino a gift from?
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ultan Muzafar II of India to King Manuel I of Portugal
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Who did king manuel pass the rhino off to?
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Pope Leo X
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What factors does ecology study?
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distribution and abundance
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What does environmentalism include that ecology doesn't?
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opinion and ethics
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What did Jansen Study?
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guanacaste in Costa Rica
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define natural history.
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study of how organisms in a particular area are influenced by factors such as climate, soil, predators, competition, and evolution history
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When are the equinoxes?
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Mar 21 Sept 22
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Name the winds in order N to S.
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polar easterlies, westerlies, NE trade, SE trade, Westerlies, Polar easterlies
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what are the layers of soil?
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OABC
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What is in O?
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organic horizon
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What is in A?
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minerals, clay, silt, sand
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What is in B?
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clay, humus, roots
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What is in C?
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weathered parent material
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What is the palmer drought severity index?
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shows extremes of wet and dry
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When are the solstices?
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june 21 and dec 21
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What is the scale of a climate diagram?
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10 degrees C = 20 mm rain
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What are the degrees of the tropical dry forest?
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10-25
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What are the degrees of the tropical savanna?
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10-20
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How long can polar bears go without food?
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5 mos
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Give an example of an exaggeration from the video.
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All animals depend on sun
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Why do sharks migrate?
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for seasonal abundance of seals
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What are the zones of the ocean?
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littoral, neritic, epiplagic, mesoplagic, bathoplagic, abyssal, hadal, benthal
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What are gyres?
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wind driven currents
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how much sun is absorbed in the first 10 m of sea?
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80%
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What is upwelling?
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deep h20 to surface
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define thermocline.
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temperature changes rapidly w/ depth to thermal stratisfication
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Where can you find salt marshes and mangrove forests?
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at estruaries and transition from land to sea
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define river discharge
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amt of water carried
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how is oxygen conc related to temp
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inverse
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describe an oligotrophic lake
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well mixed, well oxygenated, low bio productivity
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describe an eutrophic lake
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not well mixed, little oxygen, high bio productivity
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What percent of earth is covered by water?
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71%
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What percent of earth's water is fresh?
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3-6%
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define endemic
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no representatives on land
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What does bioaccumlation lead to?
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biomagnification
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What are three types of reefs?
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fringing, barrier, atoll
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What are reefs limited by?
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temp and nutrients
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What is semidiurnal
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2 periods of low and high tides daily
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diurnal
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1 low or high tide per day
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What is the structure of the littoral zone?
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supratidal, upper lower subtidal
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what is the highest water fall?
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angel falls
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where is angel falls located?
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venezuela
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how do japanese salamanders catch prey?
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sense change in water pressure
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why do salmon swim upstreatm?
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fewer predators for eggs
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What are the three largest lakes?
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malawi (3) balkow (2) Victoria (1)
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What are makacks?
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monkeys that fish for fallen food
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What fraction of sea life do reefs have?
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25%
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How do bottlenose dolphins catch fish?
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ride waves on shore
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how much oxygen do algae make?
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3/4 oxygen in atmosphere
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What effects microclimate?
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altitude, aspect, vegetation, ground color, boulders, burrows, aquatic temp
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Wpotential plant=
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WP solutes + WP neg leaf pressure + WP matric
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Water internal water
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W food + W drink + W air - W evap - W secretions
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Internal water of plants =
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W roots + W air - W transpiration - W secretions
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rainfall of tropical rain forest
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2000-4000
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Difference between tropical dry forest and tropical savanna
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shorter wet season
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% of desert on earth
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20
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do temperature grasslands have periodic droughts?
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yes
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What biome do large roaming animals prefer?
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grassland
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What lat are deciduous forests?
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40-50
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Where is the boreal forest?
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northern hemisphere only
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Does tundra get rain?
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yes, 200-600 mm per year although mostly frozen
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What is the diff between tundra and taiga?
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taiga has woody vegetation and lower elevation
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what is a limnetic zone?
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open lake
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What are the layers of the limnetic zone?
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epilimnion, metalimnion, hyplimnion
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how is oxygen correlated with temp?
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inversely
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what causes upwelling and downwelling
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gravity wind coriolis
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what is relative humidity?
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water vapor density/saturation of h20 vapor density x 100
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define water potnetial
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capacity of h20 to do work
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what is metabolic water
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water released during cell respiration
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zones below benthic (2)
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hyporheic- between ground water and
phreatic- ground water |
