Ecology Exam 3-6 Metapopulations

Front 1

population of interacting populations
interact thru dispersal (immigration, emigration)
closely linked to processes of population turnover, extinction and establishment of new populations

Back 1

metpopulations

Front 2

study of conditions in which the balance of extinction and establishment allows for persistence

Back 2

metapopulation dynamics

Front 3

metapopulation models account for _____ of individuals among 'local populations' (=subpopulations)

Back 3

movement

Front 4

models focus on the _____ of the metapopulation (rather than population growth)

Back 4

persistance

Front 5

time until all local populations go extinct

Back 5

metapopulation persistence time

Front 6

____ dispersal rate turns metapopulation into a large closed population
____ dispersal rates segregate subpopulations in time and space

Back 6

high
lower

Front 7

in metapopulation dynamics these are the only two values for local populations

Back 7

1 (or +) : local persistence
0 (or - ) : local extinction

Front 8

each suitable habitat 'patch' is subject to:
-- local population dynamics (births, deaths); ignored in simple metapopulation dynamics
-- local "extinction" (common in fragmented populations)
-- ______ (immigration from other patches)

Back 8

colonization

Front 9

whether a patch is occupied or not is a function of _______ (or rates) of extinction and colonization

Back 9

probabilities

Front 10

Levin's simple patch metapopulation model

Back 10

dp/dt = cp(1-p) - ep

p = proportion of patches occupied
c = colonization rate per occupied patch
e = extinction rate

Front 11

at equilibrium (dp/dt = 0), the proportion of patches occupied will be...

Back 11

p = 1 - e/c

when e = 0 then p = 1, all patches occupied
when e >/= c, then p = 0, metapopulation goes extinct
when e < c then 0 < p < 1, 'shifting mosaic' of occupied and unoccupied patches

Front 12

small patches have a ____ probability of extinction
isolated patches have a ____ probability of colonization

Back 12

higher
lower

Front 13

source-sink relationships_

-- spatially connected populations linked through ______
-- local populations have unique dynamics of closed populations
-- differences in habitat quality lead to local differences of r
- population persists if r > 0

Back 13

dispersal

Front 14

can a population persist if r < 0?

Back 14

yes, source population may keep sink population intact by contributing "excess" individuals

Front 15

habitat area can greatly affect the likelihood species can maintain populations
______ ____ are a method for describing responses

Back 15

incidence functions