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22 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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GeneDrive Over Time |
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How is water distributed across the Earth? |
Throughout many different reservoirs consisting of the atmosphere, in ice, oceans, lakes, rivers, in the soil and groundwater. |
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GlobalWater Reservoirs |
7 water reservoirs: 1.Atmosphere2.Ice3.Oceans4.Lakes5.Rivers6.Groundwater7.Soil |
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GlobalWater Cycleation |
Water moves in a series of processes that comprise thehydrologic cycle Transpiration (through a plant) Infiltration (into pores between soil particles) Sheet flow (broad sheets across land) Collection in aquifers (underground reservoirs) |
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ImportantPhysical Factors in Aquatic Systems |
Oxygen concentration: Limiting in water
Salinity Limited nutrients (N, P) Low light availability: Little growth of photosynthetic organisms in low lightconditions |
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Typesof Freshwater Systems |
Lentic and Lotic |
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Lentic |
Lentic systems—pondsand lakes Primary producers: phytoplankton |
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Lotic |
Loticsystems—flowing water (streams and rivers) Primary producers: periphyton (attached algae) |
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LenticSystems: Fall turnover |
Lakes and ponds contain zones defined by depth andlight penetration Fall turnover: Thermo line is wiped out because the top portion (epilimnion) and the bottom portion (Hypolimnion) mix. Mixing up all the nutrients into all layers and brings up lots more nutrients for aquatic life to eat. (Spring and fall) |
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Lentic Systems: Determined by? |
Physical characteristics of lakes are determined bysize and depth |
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Lentic Systems: Gradients? |
Deep lakes develop vertical temp. gradient Epilimnion: warm surfacelayer Hypolimnion: deep, coldwaters Thermocline: boundarylayer between epilimnion and hypolimnion where temp. changes rapidly d |
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Lentic Systems: Energy levels |
Near headwaters, most energy is provided byterrestrial sources Further downstream, most energy sources are fineparticulate organic matter from upstream and primary production by algae |
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ImportantAbiotic Factors & Processes in Marine Systems |
Salinity Temperature Light availability Pressure Oxygen content Nearly all abiotic factors change with depth |
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WaterMovement in Marine Systems Forces and Cells? |
Coriolis forces (from Earth’s rotation) deflect thecurrent to the right in the Northern Hemisphere and to the left in the SouthernHemisphere Langmuir cells: where windsgenerate circular rotation of the water just below the surface |
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WaterMovement in Marine Systems |
Wind combines with Coriolis forces to form Ekman spirals Tidal flow, wave, and wind mixing are important inshallow habitats |
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Primary Production that FuelsMarine Ecosystems Occurs in? |
Photic Zone |
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CoastalCommunities |
Most productive and diverse marine communities occurin shallow water near shore Example: coral reefs |
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RockyIntertidal |
Support a diverse assemblage of plants and sessileinvertebrates, which support mobile invertebrates and fish Fluctuations of conditions due to the tidal cycles One of the harshest environments on Earth |
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Estuaries |
Estuary:semi-enclosed coastal body of water with a free connection to the open sea Key characteristic is salinity gradient Sea-water is measurably diluted with fresh water fromland drainage |
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Salt marshes |
Salt marshes: estuarinecommunities that occur where a barrier island protects the bay from wave action Few species can tolerate high salinity |
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TheOcean Has Some of the Most Unusual Ecosystems |
Deep sea communities around “black smokers” Only known ecosystems where primary producers areexclusively chemosynthetic: Bacteria use sulfur compounds to produce organicmaterial |
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ManyMarine Habitats Depend on Ecosystem |
Ecosystem engineers: organisms that create,significantly modify, or destroy habitats Corals Reef-building bivalves (oysters) Hydrothermal vent tubeworms Sediment burrowing organisms (bioturbators) |
