Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
28 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
Freshwater Ecosystems
|
*include the water of lakes, ponds, rivers and streams.
*includes wetlands |
|
|
Marine Ecosystems
|
*include coastal areas of marshes, swamps and coral reefs as well as oceans.
|
|
|
Factors of a Marine Ecosystem
|
*temperature
*sunlight *oxygen *nutrients |
|
|
3 groups of Aquatic organisms
|
1. plankton
2. nekton 3. benthos |
|
|
Plankton
|
*organisms that cannot swim against currents
****DRIFTERS**** |
|
|
Phytoplankton
|
*drifting plants,
*food base for most aquatic ecosystems |
|
|
Zooplankton
|
*drifting animals
*can be microscopic or large as a jellyfish |
|
|
Nekton
|
*free swimming organisms
*include, fish, turtles, and whales |
|
|
Benthos
|
*bottom dwelling organisms
*include mussels, worms, and barnacles *many attach to hard surfaces |
|
|
Decomposers
|
*break down dead organisms in aquatic ecosystems
|
|
|
Lakes and Ponds
|
*form naturally where the groundwater reaches earth's surface.
|
|
|
Life in a Lake
|
*structured into horizontal and vertical zones
*littoral zone *benthic zone |
|
|
Littoral Zone
|
*shallow zone where light reaches the bottom and nurtures plants, aquatic life is diverse and abundant.
|
|
|
Benthic Zone
|
*deep where very little sunlight reaches
*plants do not grow *fish have adapted to cooler temperatures and live in the benthic zone |
|
|
Oligotrophic Lakes
|
*low primary productivity
*low algal production *clear water *good drinking water quality |
|
|
Mesotrophic Lakes
|
*intermediate aquatic plant growth
*dissolved oxygen levels are typically lower near the bottom of this type of lake *can support heavy fishing *does not support cold water fish because of insufficient oxygen. |
|
|
Eutrophic Lakes
|
*increase in nutrients in a aquatic ecosstem
*large amount of algae and plant growth *water that is undesirable to swim in |
|
|
Oligotrophic Lakes
|
*low primary productivity
*low algal production *clear water *good drinking water quality |
|
|
Mesotrophic Lakes
|
*intermediate aquatic plant growth
*dissolved oxygen levels are typically lower near the bottom of this type of lake *can support heavy fishing *does not support cold water fish because of insufficient oxygen. |
|
|
Eutrophic Lakes
|
*increase in nutrients in a aquatic ecosstem
*large amount of algae and plant growth *water that is undesirable to swim in |
|
|
Eutrophication Process
|
*under natural condition, most lakes will evolve into eutrophic lakes
*accelerted by runoff such as precipitation that carries sewage, feritilizers, or animal wastes from land into the water |
|
|
Michigan
|
*Michigan comes from "Michi-gama" meaning large lake
*40 of the 83 counties touch at least 1 Great Lake *11,000 inland lakes, and more than 36,000 miles of streams *never more than 6 miles from one of them *85 miles of one of the Great Lakes |
|
|
Freshwater Wetlands
|
*areas of land covered with fresh water for at least part of the year.
*2 types, marshes and swamps |
|
|
2 types of freshwater wetlands
|
1. marshes
2. swamps |
|
|
What do wetlands provide?
|
*control flooding by absorbing extra water when rivers overflow,
*provide habitats for many fish and migratory wildlife *trap carbon that would be released as carbon dioxide |
|
|
Florida Everglades
|
*largest freshwater wetland in the U.S.
*known for rich bird life, *President Truman dedicated the Everglades National park in 1947 |
|
|
Marshes
|
*freshwater marshes tend to occur on low, flat lands and have little water movement
*called "flooded grasslands" *dominated by soft stemmed plants such as cattails, grasses, sedges, rushes, etc. *critical for fish to live and spawn. |
|
|
Swamps
|
*described as flooded woodlands or shrublands
*dominated by woody plants *soil is usually waterlogged throughout the growing season, some swamp soils may become dry during the hot summer months. |
