Ecology Chapter 8

Front 1

behavioral ecology

Back 1

study of the relationships between organisms and environment that are mediated by behavior.

Front 2

environmental enrichment

Back 2

increasing the complexity of the environment of captive animals to foster behaviors characteristic of the species in the wild; may be critical to the survival of captive-bred animals reintroduced to the natural environment

Front 3

eusociality

Back 3

highly specialized sociality generally including (1) individuals of more than one generation living together, (2) cooperative care of young, and (3) division of individuals into sterile, or nonreproductive, and reproductive castes.

Front 4

female

Back 4

sex that produces larger, more energetically costly gametes (eggs or ova)

Front 5

hamilton's rule

Back 5

he conditions under which helping kin should be favored by natural selection: RgB − C > 0, where Rg is the genetic relatedness of the helper and the recipient of the help, B is the reproductive benefit gained by the recipient, and C is the reproductive cost to the helper of giving aid.

Front 6

haploiploidy

Back 6

sex inheritance in which males are haploid and females are diploid.

Front 7

inclusive fitness

Back 7

overall fitness, which is determined by the survival and reproduction of an individual, plus the survival and reproduction of genetic relatives of the individual

Front 8

intersexual selection

Back 8

sexual selection occurring when members of one sex choose mates from among the members of the opposite sex on the basis of some anatomical or behavioral trait, generally leading to the elaboration of that trait

Front 9

intrasexual selection

Back 9

sexual selection in which individuals of one sex compete among themselves for mates

Front 10

kin selection

Back 10

selection in which individuals increase their inclusive fitness by helping increase the survival and reproduction of relatives (kin) that are not offspring

Front 11

lifetime reproductive success

Back 11

the total number of offspring produced by an individual over the course of a lifetime

Front 12

male

Back 12

sex that produces smaller, less costly gametes (sperm or pollen)

Front 13

philopatry

Back 13

a term, which means literally “love of place,” used to describe the tendency of some organisms to remain in the same area throughout their lives

Front 14

pistil

Back 14

female organ of a flower

Front 15

self-incompatability

Back 15

incapacity of a plant to fertilize itself; such plants must receive pollen from another plant in order to develop seeds

Front 16

sexual selection

Back 16

results from differences in reproductive rates among individuals as a result of differences in mating success due to intrasexual selection, intersexual selection, or a mixture of the two forms of sexual selection

Front 17

sociality

Back 17

group living generally involving some degree of cooperation between individuals

Front 18

stamen

Back 18

male organ of a flower