Ecology-Chapter 4

Front 1

Ecosystem

Back 1

*all of the organisms living in an area together with their physical environment.

Front 2

Ecosystems are connect how?

Back 2

*ecosystems do not have clear boundaries. Things move from one ecosystem into another.

Front 3

Componenets of an Ecosystem

Back 3

1. biotic
2. abiotic

Front 4

Biotic Factors

Back 4

* ALL the living and once living parts of an ecosystem.
*includes plants, and animals.

Front 5

Abiotic Factors

Back 5

*ALL non-living factors such as air, water, rocks, sand, light and temperature.

Front 6

Organisms

Back 6

*an individual living thing.

Front 7

Species

Back 7

*a group of organisms that produce fertile offspring.

Front 8

Population

Back 8

*all the members of the same species that live in the same place at the same time.

Front 9

Community

Back 9

*a group of various species that live in the same place and interact with each other.

Front 10

Habitat

Back 10

*a place an organism lives

Front 11

Charles Darwin

Back 11

*proposed that over many generation natural selection causes the characteristics of populations to change.
*certain traits are more likely to survive and reproduce than other indiduals.
*Darwin used the term, "Natural Selection."

Front 12

Evolution

Back 12

*a change in the genetic characteristics of a population from one generation to the next.

Front 13

Adaptation

Back 13

*inherited trait that increases an organism's chance of survival and reproduction in a certain environment.

Front 14

Coevolution

Back 14

*organisms evolve adaptations to other organisms and their physical environment.
*2 species that interact with each other

Front 15

Artificial Selection

Back 15

*the selective breeding of organisms by humans for specific characteristics.

Front 16

Resistance

Back 16

*the ability of one or more organisms to tolerate a particular chemical designed to kill it.
*example:insects adapt to pesticides.

Front 17

Archaebacteria

Back 17

*often found in extreme places, such as hot springs or harsh environments
*single celled
*lack nuclei,

Front 18

Eubacteria

Back 18

*common can be found in soil and animal bodies.
*referred to as bacteria

Front 19

6 Kingdoms

Back 19

*scientists classify the kingdoms based on different characteristics.
*members of the kingdoms get their food in different ways and made up of different cells.

Front 20

Bacteria in the Environment

Back 20

*plays an important role in the environment.
*breaks down the remains and wastes of other organisms and return nutrients to the soil.

Front 21

Fungus

Back 21

*organism whose cells have nuclei and cell walls.
*mushroon is the reproductive structure of fungus.
*get their food by releasing chemicals that help break down organic matter and the absorbing the nutrients.
*some fungi cause diseases like athletes foot.
*some fungi add flavor to food, examle: blue cheese.

Front 22

Protists

Back 22

*one-celled morcroscopic organisms including amoevas and diatoms.
*most important amoeba, algae

Front 23

Plants

Back 23

*many celled organisms that have cell walls and that make their own food using the sun's energy.

Front 24

Lower Plants

Back 24

*no vascular tissue and they also had swimming sperm.
*these early plants could not grow large and live in damp places.
*example: ferns and mosses

Front 25

Gymnosperms

Back 25

*pine trees and other evergreens with need-like leaves.
*seeds are enclosed in fruits.
*several adaptations which allow them to grow in drier conditions.
*produce pollen which protects and moves sperm between plants. They also produce seeds which protect developing plants from drying out.

Front 26

Angiosperms

Back 26

*most land plants
*flowering plants that produce seeds in fruit.
*the flower is the reproductive structure of the plant.
small angiosperms: grasses, and small flowers
Large angiosperms have large flowers that attract insects or birds to carry their pollen to other plants.

Front 27

Animals depend on Angiosperms

Back 27

*animals onland could not survive without flowering plants.
*most of the food we eat comes from angiosperms.
examples: wheat, rice, beans, oranges and lettuce.
Building materials such as fibers, oak and cotton, are used in building materials

Front 28

Invertebrates

Back 28

*animals that lack backbone
*many live attached to hard surgaces in the ocean and filter their food out of the water.
Include: corals, worms, mollusks, clams and squid.

Front 29

Vertebrates

Back 29

*animals that have backbones.