Ecology And Environment: Wks 1-3

Front 1

True or False:

The inner core is a solid mass composed of mainly nickel and iron.

Back 1

TRUE

Front 2

True or False:

Because of plate tectonics, the Atlantic Ocean is becoming wider

Back 2

TRUE

Front 3

True or False:

The Precambrian Shield is one of the oldest known formations on the planet-- dating about 400 million years.

Back 3

FALSE: The oldest rocks on earth are 4.6 billion years old

Front 4

True or False:

Currently 35% of the Earth's surface is covered by glaciers.

Back 4

FALSE: 10% of the Earth's surface is covered by glaciers

Front 5

True or False:

The direction of ice flow depends on whether the glacier is in advance, recession, or retreat.

Back 5

FALSE: The flow of ice is always moving down slope no matter what the state of motion

Front 6

Choose all of the following which are correct about the Mantle of the Earth:

a) Makes up for about 80% of the Earth's total volume

b) Rocks here are solid, but plastic in nature

c) The minerals making up the rocks are high in magnesium and iron

d) It's about 75 km thick

Back 6

A, B, C

Front 7

Choose the best definition for an igneous rock:

a) Formed through the lithification and compaction of weathered sediments formed through addition of heat and pressure to existing rocks

b) Formed through the cooling and crystallization of molten material

c) Can form intrusive or Extrusive rocks

Back 7

B

Front 8

Describe the process of lithification.

Hint:

Back 8

The process in which sediments compact under pressure and cements the fragments to form new sedimentary rocks.

Front 9

Banding is a phenomenon that is known to occur in which type of rocks?

a) Igneous plutonic

b) Igneous volcanic

c) Sedimentary

d) Metamorphic

e) None of the above

Back 9

D and B

Front 10

Choose all of the following which are correct:

a) Magma is molten rock which is below the Earth's surface

b) Rocks which form magma are known as intrusive igneous rocks

c) Intrusive igneous rocks cool slowly allowing the minerals within them to grow large enough to discern with the naked eye

d) Rocks which form from lava are known as extrusive igneous rocks

e) Extrusive igneous rocks cool so rapidly that the individual minerals are too fine grained to see with the naked eye

Back 10

All of the above

Front 11

Which of the physiographic region(s) has sedimentary bedrock geology?

a) Precambrian Shield

b) Hudson Bay Lowlands

c) St. Lowrance Lowlands

Back 11

B and C

Front 12

A period of _______________ is experienced by a continental glacier when the input of new snow in the north equals the rate of melting in the south.

Back 12

Recession

Front 13

Choose all of the following which is true of till:

a) Unstratified

b) Well-graded

c) Rounded Fragments

d) Occurs in water contact features

e) Can be found in eskers and schomberg ponds

f) Poorly sorted

Back 13

A, B, F

Front 14

Choose all of the following which would be correct about the soils of the St. Lowrance Lowlands.

a) Have high water retention ability

b) Are generally slightly acidic in nature

c) Are generally thick and loamy

d) Generally sandy

e) Have high nutrient levels

Back 14

A, C, E

Front 15

Identify the parts of the glacier.

Back 15

1: Snow Falls

2. Zone of accumulation

3. Ice Melts

4. Zone of wasting

Front 16

Identify the parts of the diagram.

Back 16

1. Perched Aquifer

2. Recharge Area

3. Unconfined Aquifer

4. Confined Aquifer

5. Aquitard

Front 17

Label the diagram, top to bottom.

Back 17

Top: Vadose Zone

Middle: Water Table

Bottom: Saturated Zone

Front 18

Label the diagram, top to bottom, left to right.

Back 18

Particle Size: Large -> Small

Porosity: Less -> More

Permeability: Excellent -> Poor

Front 19

How does groundwater recharge?

Back 19

1. Precipitation

2. Infiltration

Front 20

Groundwater flows ____________ and discharges into:

a) Springs

b) Streams

c) Wells

Back 20

Downhill

Front 21

What is the process of infiltration?

Back 21

The process by which water enters the soil surface.

Front 22

How can infiltration be reduced in the environment?

Back 22

1. Change the drainage pattern

2. Add impermeable surfaces

Front 23

Run off occurs when the rainfall rate is greater than ____________.

Back 23

The infiltration capacity.

Front 24

Choose the best answer:

Forested soils have the greatest infiltration rate because of:

a) Organic litter at the surface

b) Root cavities

c) Burrowing animals

d) Earthworms

e) Leaves and Branches

e) All of the above

Back 24

E

Front 25

What is the difference between drift and till?

Back 25

Till is deposited by glaciers; unsorted particle sizes. Drift is laid down by melt water; sorted according to size and weight.