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43 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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how old is earth
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4.5 billion
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Chemical reactivity is defined by
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number of protons and electrons around the nucleus
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Atomic mass is determined
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by protons and neutrons
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Isotopes
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elements with different atomic mass but have name atomic number
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Radioactivity
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when a nucleus is unstable but can be statistically predictable
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Half life
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proportion left -how we measure age of rocks
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alpha decay
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nucleus loses chunk of nucleus that contains 2 protons and 2 neutrons that are ejected and causes the atomic number to be changed resulting in a different element
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beta decay
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neutron becomes a proton done by ejecting a negative charged particles (electrons) and becomes positively charged (protons). The atomic number stays the same but the chemical reactivity changes and we change its name
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Isocron analysis
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a way to double check age using meteorites
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Evidence for isocron analysis
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1. Stratigraphy – studies rock layers and layering
Eras of time based on fossils and solidified rock 2. Movement of north pole/south pole |
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life emerged
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3.8 billion years
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Molecular clock
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because all life uses DNA or RNA for replication predict same sequences to determine age
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Stanley Miller
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provided substances for what at his time seemed to be the condtions of ancient earths atmospshere
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RNA World hypothesis
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RNA can act as a catalysist
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fitness
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producing offspring capable of producing offspring that can reproduce
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greenhouse effect
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The Earth receives energy from the Sun mostly in the form of visible light. The bulk of this energy is not absorbed by the atmosphere since the atmosphere is transparent to visible light. 50% of the sun's energy reaches the Earth which is absorbed by the surface as heat
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Earth spins?
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angular momentum
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We have seasons because
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the earth revolves around the sun and the earth is tilted the sun’s rays are unequally distribited
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solar equator
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area where the sun’s rays shine directly usually between 30 and 30
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rain shadow effect
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wet on one side of the mountain and desert like on the other side due to winds being pushed up mountain and the rain sucks most of the moisture out of the air and the dry air continues over the mountain
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Coriolis effect
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the reason flight patterns are not straight but curved. The trajectory is bent and if you go straight the target will be missed because of the earth’s spin
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PAR
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photosynthetically active radiation
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pH
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how reactive a liquid is. Due to amount of charged particle (extra ion attached)
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field capacity
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amount of water avilabele to plants depends on how attracted the water is to the soil
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Things that affect quantity of light
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1. Location on earth
angle of incidence of the striking rays 2. Cloud cover 3. Seasons 4. Location in the canopy |
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Thermocline-
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where temperature changes really fast
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Agricultual selection
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Only allow animals with traits u like are able to reproduce
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Origin of Species published in
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1859
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Homologs
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things are similar because they are related
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Analogous-
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evolved independently ie feathers vs stretched skin on bat
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geometric
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means mulitpication and the growth goes to infinely
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Additive process
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straight line
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Natural selection
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defriental reproduction of some individual over others due to an inherited trait
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Pangenesis
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Charles Darwin's hypothetical mechanism for heredity
that body cells shed gemmules, which collect in the reproductive organs prior to fertilization. Thus every cell in the body has a 'vote' in the constitution of the offspring |
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Soltation-
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walk, thought new species would be created by mutations
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Modern synesthsis
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union of ideas to work on idea that they could use natural selction and mendalian genetics together
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Pleotrophic
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single locus that has an effect on multiple traits
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SRY gene
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determines sex by epistasis
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asexual reproduction
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usually identical to one another and their single parent
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sexual reproduction
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self fertilization through fusion of male and female gametes
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red green hypothesis
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genetic variation represent an oppertunity to produce offspring to which pathogens are not adapted
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monoecious
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plants have seperate male and female flowers
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dioecious
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seperate sexual functions in seperate individuals
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