Ecology

Front 1

Define Ecology?

Back 1

How organisms react with there environment and landscape, mostly focusing on energy transfers.

Front 2

What are the levels of organisation?

Back 2

Biosphere - Ecosystem - Community - Population - Organisms

Front 3

Biosphere?

Back 3

The Earth. It has life supporting portions of air, land, fresh water and salt water.

Front 4

Ecosystem?

Back 4

The large group of organisms interacting with each over and the abiotic factors

Front 5

Community?

Back 5

Different population that interact, live in the same place and depend on each over. This covers the basic food chain.

Front 6

Population?

Back 6

Group of organisms from one species that live in the same place, at the same time and interbreed. They compete for resources and make fertile offspring.

Front 7

Organism?

Back 7

Either unicellular or multicellular and follow 7 characteristics of life.

Front 8

What are the 7 characteristics of life?

Back 8

Movement, Respiration, Sense of surroundings, Growth, Reproduction, Excretion, Taking in nutrition

Front 9

Habitat?

Back 9

The place an organism lives.

Front 10

Niche?

Back 10

The job a species has during its life.

Front 11

What determines an organisms niche?

Back 11

The tolerance limitations an organisms has.

Front 12

What are the 3 types of feeding relationships in the food chain?

Back 12

producer-consumer

predator - prey

parasite - host

Front 13

Producer?

Back 13

All autotrophs (plants) as they produce there own food by trapping energy from the sunlight. They are found at the bottom of the food chain.

Front 14

Consumer?

Back 14

All heterotrophs and decomposers, they ingest food containing the suns energy as they cant make there own food.

Front 15

What are the two types of parasites?

Back 15

Endoparasite

Live inside of its host.

ectoparasite

Live on the outside of its host

Front 16

Decomposer?

Back 16

Break down the complex compounds of dead and decaying plants into more simple molecules that can be then absorbed and used by other plants. They break the compounds down using enzymes.

Front 17

Difference between decomposer and and parasite?

Back 17

A parasite requires a live host to feed off of while a decomposer decomposes things that 'were' alive.

Front 18

What are the different types of symbiotic relationships?

Back 18

Commensalism

Where one species benefits while the other isnt helped or harmed

Parasitism

One species benefits (parasite ) while the other (harmed) is harmed

Mutualism

A positive for both species involved

Front 19

Give an example for all the different types of symbiotic relationships.

Back 19

Commensalism: Orchids on a tree

Parasitism: Leach on a human

Mutualism: cleaning birds on rhinos

Front 20

Trophic levels?

Back 20

Each link in a food chain. It represent a feeding step in the transfer of energy and matter in an ecosystem.

Front 21

Biomass?

Back 21

Amount of organic matter comprising a group of organisms in a habitat. When moving up the food chain you get more available energy and less biomass.

Front 22

How the energy flow works.

Back 22

Sun has 100% and the the producer uses 10% and then the primary consumer gets 10% of that. So 100-10-1

Front 23

Energy transfer chain?

Back 23

Producers -Primary Consumers - Secondary Consumer- Tertiary consumers

Front 24

Food Chain?

Back 24

A model that shows how energy and matter move throughout an ecosystem.

Front 25

Foob web?

Back 25

A more extensive version of the food chain as its a network of interconnected food chains. Shows all possible feeding relationships in a community at each trophic level.

Front 26

Nutrients cycle?

Back 26

Basically global recycling. How nutrients move from physical environment into living things and back into the physical environment.

Front 27

What are some of waters unique properties?

Back 27

Only compound that can exist in every form.

Has strong forces of attraction between its

molecules

Expands when frozen

Front 28

Human alterations on the water cycle.

Back 28

Use of freshwater

Clearing of vegetation as soil run-off pollutes water

Climate change

Front 29

Human alteration on the Carbon Cycle?

Back 29

Addition of excess Carbon Dioxide(CO2) because of the burning of fossil fuels and clearing of vegetation.

Front 30

Human affect on the Nitrogen Cycle?

Back 30

Addition of gas that can cause acid rain.

Release of Nitrogen into the Troposphere because of deforestation.

Adding nitrogen dioxide into the atmosphere via farming which warms the atmosphere and destroys ozone layer.

Front 31

Humans affect on the phosphorus cycle.

Back 31

Removal of phosphorus from earth to be used as fertilizer.

reduction of phosphorus levels in tropic soils because of deforestation,

Front 32

Interspecific competition?

Back 32

Competition for resources by different species.

Front 33

Intraspecific competition?

Back 33

Competition for resources and mates by the same species.

Front 34

What is the equation for Photosynthesis (word + chemical)?

Back 34

Carbon Dioxide + Water ------> Glucose + Oxygen (light)

6CO2 +6H20 ---> C6H12O6 + 6O2

Front 35

What is photosynthesis and how is it stored?

Back 35

An autothrophic process that plants use to produce food (glucose) from the sun and it is stored as starch (carbohydrates) in their bodies.

Front 36

Where in a plant does photosynthesis occur?

Back 36

It mostly occurs in the upper parts of leaves.

Front 37

What does ATP stand for?

Back 37

Adenosine Triphosphate

Front 38

What is ATP?

Back 38

An organic molecules that is used by all cells to provide energy.

Front 39

How does ATP release energy?

Back 39

Using hydrolysis to break the bond between the last two phosphates.

Front 40

Why is the role of Bacteria in the Nitrogen Cycle?

Back 40

Bacteria fixes Nitrogen Gas in the atmosphere into Ammonium.

Front 41

How is most the energy in the ecosystem lost?

Back 41

In the form of heat energy.

Front 42

Where does photosynthesis occur?

Back 42

Occurs in the chloroplasts.

Front 43

Where does respiration occur?

Back 43

Mitochondria

Front 44

Example of an introduced species and why its bad.

Back 44

The cane toad was introduced in Australia in 1935 and they are a problem as they have no natural enemy so they steal the pray of many animals and can breed quickly.

Front 45

Species?

Back 45

A group of similar Organisms that can interbreed to produce fertile offspring.

Front 46

What is Cellular Respiration?

Back 46

The metabolic process where an organisms obtains 38 ATP, water and Carbon Dioxide by reacting Oxygen and Glucose.

Front 47

Equation (word and chemical) for cellular respiration.

Back 47

Oxygen + Glucose --> Carbon Dioxide + Water + 30-32 ATP

C6H12O6 +6O2 ------> 6CO2 + 6H20 + ATP

yields

Front 48

3 Stages of cellular respiration.

Back 48

Glycocsis

Krebs Cycle

Electron Transport Chain

Front 49

Glycolysis

Back 49

A metabolic pathway that Converts Glucose into Pyruvate. It occurs in the cytoplasm and dosent require Oxygen.

Front 50

What is the Chemical equation for Glycolysis?

Back 50

C6H12O6 ----> 2C3H6O3

Front 51

What is the word Equation for Glycolysis?

Back 51

1 Glucose + NAD + 2 ATP = 2 Pyruvate + NADH + 4 ATP

Front 52

Krebs Cycle

Back 52

Chemical reaction used by Aerobic Organisms to create Energy.

Front 53

Where does the Krebs Cycle occur?

Back 53

Occurs in the mitochondria and requires Oxygen

Front 54

Where does the Electron Transport Chain occur?

Back 54

Mitochondria.