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25 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Define population. |
All the organisms of a particular species found in an ecosystem at any one time. |
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Define community. |
The population of all species found in an ecosystem at any one time |
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Define habitat. |
The places where specific organisms live. |
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Define an ecosystem. |
A distinct, self supporting system of organisms interacting with each other and a physical environment |
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In a food chain, what is the producer? |
The plant, it is capable of making its own food |
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What do the arrows in a food chain represent? |
Energy transfer |
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The primary consumer in a food chain eats what? |
The producer |
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What is the difference between a food chain and a food web? |
Food webs have branches |
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What is a trophic level? What is important about the between trophic levels? |
A trophic level is a level in a food chain. Only 10% of the energy is passed between trophic levels. |
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Explain the three pyramids. |
Pyramid of numbers -show the population (to scale) of the species in a food chain -does not always have a pyramidal shape
Pyramid of energy transfer -show the energy received by each species/trophic level -always pyramidal as energy decreases by 10% per trophic level
Pyramid of biomass -the mass of organic material a specie is made from -always has a pyramidal shape |
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Explain the water cycle. |
Key words: -Evaporation -Transpiration -Sublimation -Condensation -Transportation -Precipitation -Deposition -Infiltration/Percolation -Surface flow/Snow melt runoff -Plant uptake
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Explain the carbon cycle. |
Key words; -photosynthesis -combustion -respiration -decomposition -decay -ocean uptake -fossil fuels |
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In the carbon cycle, what is decomposition? |
the decay of dead biological material (to help recycle nutrients) helped by decomposers such as bacteria and fungi and enzymes |
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In the nitrogen cycle, what do decomposers do? |
They turn nitrogen in proteins into ammonium. |
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What is the chemical formula for ammonium?
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NH4+
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In the nitrogen cycle, what do denitrifying bacteria do? |
Turn ammonium into nitrogen |
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In the nitrogen cycle, what do nitrifying bacteria do? |
Turn ammonia into nitrate |
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What is the chemical formula for nitrate? |
NO3 |
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In the nitrogen cycle, what do nitrogen fixing bacteria do? |
Turn nitrogen into ammonia |
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Describe the nitrogen cycle. |
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How does acid rain effect the environment? |
-sulphur dioxide, carbon dioxide and nitrous oxides dissolve into the rain to form acids, which fall as acid rain -destroys soil -pollutes water ways -causes erosion -destroys producers in food chains -in air from combustion |
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How does the greenhouse effect effect the environment? |
-the Earth reemits radiation as longer infa-red radiation -trapped heat -greenhouse gases are: carbon dioxide, methane, water vapour, nitrous oxides and CFCs -polar ice caps melting -sea levels rise -extinction of species -changes in rainfall -changes in species distribution |
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What are CFCs? |
Compounds that contain carbon, fluorine and chlorine. |
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How does eutrophication effect the environment? |
-nitrates enter water ways and cause algal blooms -light is blocked out -plants respire as they cannot photosynthesise -dead fish are decomposed by bacteria, using up more oxygen -pH levels fall from decomposition producing acids -everything dies -water way incapable of supporting life |
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Why does only 10% of the energy get passed on between trophic levels?
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-some parts are indigestible and are wasted as faeces -respiration -lost as heat |
