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24 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Symbiotic Relationship
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A Relationship that is Mutually Benificial (+,+)
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How can we tell if organisms are the same or different species?
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- reproductive isolation
prezygotic = donkey + horse postzygotic = behavioral - if they can reproduce and produce viable, fertile offspring |
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Biological definition of species
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They can reproduce and produce viable fertile offspring. This definition is not good for most organisms - they reproduce asexually
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Census
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Count EVERYBODY
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Survey
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Count representitive samples of population
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Lincoln-Peterson Index
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= capture-recaputure
~N=nM/R n=total individs we caught 2nd time M=marked (1st time) R=recaptured |
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Where is DNA contained?
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In chromosomes - matched pairs (homologous chromosomes).
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Allele
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alternate form of a gene
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Locus
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the position an allele occupies on a chromosome. members of the pair of alleles occupy the same locus on homologous chromosomes.
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alleles occupying the same locus on homologous chromosomes are the same...
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homozygous
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alleles occupying the same locus on homologous chromosomes are different...
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heterozygous
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Incomplete dominance
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If teh physical expressio of the heterozygous individual is iintermediate between those
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Total collection of genes across all individuals in the population
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gene pool
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Phenotypic plasticity
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the ability of a genotype to give rise to a range of phenotypic expressions under different environmental conditions
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the ability of a genotype to give rise to a range of phenotypic expressions under different environmental conditions
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phenotypic plasticity
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Mutations
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heritable changes in a gene or chromosome.
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Point mutation
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occurs in just one nucleotide in a single gene
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importance of gene mutation
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add variation to the gene pool
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Example of a single gene mutation
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Albinism in mice. Recessive.
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2 Ways a change in chromosome number can arise
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1. the complete or partial duplication of a chromosome
2. the deletion of one or more chromosomes |
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Asexual reproduction
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The production of offspring by a single parent, without the participation of egg and sperm. Takes many forms but in all cases creates offspring that are genetically identicle to the parent.
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Evolution
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A change in the gene frequencies within a population (or species) over time.
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Hardy-Weinberg principle
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No matter how many generations forward we calculate, the frequency of each gene will remain constant unless acted upon by other agents.
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Conditions of Hardy-Weinberg
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1. mating is random
2. mutations do not occur 3. populatin is large, so changes by change in gene frequencies are insignificant (50-500) 4. natural selection does not occur 5. migrations do not occur |
