Ecology 4

Front 1

Define waste management.

Back 1

The collection, transport, processing, recycling or disposal of waste material produced by humans, in order to reduce their effect on health or on the environment.

Front 2

Define pollution

Back 2

The addition of any undesirable substance to the environment.

Front 3

Define pollutant.

Back 3

A substance that damages the natural environment.

Front 4

Define conservation.

Back 4

The wise management of our natural resources, in order to maintain biodiversity on the planet.

Front 5

Define eutrophication.

Back 5

The enrichment of water with excess minerals eg. nitrogen or phosphates.

Front 6

What are the six factors that affect human populations?

Back 6

1. War - people killed, baby booms.

2. Famine - population declines, Ireland 1845 1 million died many emigrated.

3. Contraception - increased availability - reduces population.

Developed world 2015 1.38 ch/fam.

Developing 1970 6.1 2005 3.5.

4. Education - part. women.

5. Medical advancement - inc - vacc, ant, new drugs, safer anae/surg, sanitation.

6. Natural disasters dec

Front 7

Give four general effects of pollution.

Back 7

1. Threatens human animal health.

2. Threatens food supply where the soil is contaminated.

3. Threatens supply of raw materials.

4. Destroys recreational facilities(lakes seas rivers).

Front 8

Name five pollutants from human activities.

Back 8

CO2 and SO2 from burning of fossil fuels.

Sewage.

Radioactive wastes.

Noise.

Industrial and domestic waste.

Front 9

What type of pollutants are CFCs?

Back 9

Air, damage ozone layer.

Front 10

Where do CFCs come from?

Back 10

Found in aerosols.

Used in fridges.

Insulating foams.

Industrial detergents.

Front 11

What is the effect of ozone depletion?

Back 11

More ultraviolet radiation reaches earth.

Front 12

What is the problem with more UV radiation reaching earth?(3)

Back 12

1. Human health - inc cases of skin cancer, cataracts, weakened immune system.

2. Crops damaged.

3. UV kills plankton - 1st trophic level in many aquatic food chains. Lead to reduction in numbers or loss of species.

Front 13

How to solve CFC problem?(3)

Back 13

1. Ban/reduce use of CFCs. Ozone replenish.

2. Replace with HFCs - break down before reach atmosphere.

3. Strict control on disposal of fridges...shouldn't dispose off in a landfill...CFCs leak out into atmosphere.

Front 14

Give five ways man exploits nature.

Back 14

Fish from sea.

Timber from forest.

Fossil fuels from earth.

Land to grow crops.

Breed animals for food.

Front 15

What is the problem associated with the fishing industry?

Back 15

Overfishing

Front 16

Give two good fishing conservation practises.

Back 16

1. Fishing quotas.

2. Large mesh size nets...young fish escape, grow, breed, replenish fish stokes.

Front 17

Explain process of eutrophication.

Back 17

1. Slurry containing nitrogen or phosphates is released.

2. Algae bloom - thrive in nutrient rich water.

3. Algae die - N P depleted, overcrowding, comp for light.

4. Huge numbers of aerobic bacteria feed on dead/decaying algae(decom). They absorb huge quantities of oxygen from water.

5. Water depleted of oxygen - aquatic plants+animals die.

Front 18

4 ways slurry can be safely recycled or disposed of.

Back 18

1. Store in leak proof pits.

2. Spread on land only in dry weather. Not drain into steams/lakes.

3. Do not spread slurry from Nov-Dec.

4. Do not spread near waterways.

Front 19

Give four benefits of conservation.

Back 19

1. Endangered species protected and so biodiversity maintained.

2. Existing environments preserved.

Eg. Fish stocks preserved in the sea. Bog preserved with its unique flora and fauna.

3. Recreational facilities preserved.

4. Food supplies protected.

Front 20

Give four problems of waste management.

Back 20

1. May contain mo's which could spread disease.

2. May contain toxic chemicals which could get into water or soil and hence into plants.

3. Landfills- unsightly,attract scavengers, create unpleasant smells and fumes, run off can contaminate aws.

Front 21

Give four examples of agri waste.

Back 21

Slurry, silage effluent, fertilizers, manure.

Front 22

What is the problem with agri waste?

Back 22

Nutrients N P present in these farm wastes can pass into water courses where they cause eutrophication.

Front 23

Two ways to manage farm waste.

Back 23

1. Leak proof pits.

2. Avoid spreading slurry on wet, frozen waterlogged or sloping land. Do not allow closer than 1.5m from any water course.

Front 24

Give for examples of role of microorganisms in waste management.

Back 24

1. B and F in soil can decompose organic waste.

2. B and F in rivers and lakes can decompose organic matter.

3. B and F can be used in sewage treatment.

Primary treatment : large debris removed from sewage.

Secondary treatment : B and F break down organic matter in sewage. This produces sludge which is removed. Remaining liquid treated with chlorine.

4. Much of our household wastes (40% organic) can be used to make compost ( fruit, veg, tea bags) B and F feed on this organic waste and convert it into humus... can be used as fertiliser.

Front 25

How can control of waste be achieved?

Back 25

Reduce - packaging (50% of dom. w.)

Reuse - glass containers.

Recycle - paper / glass.