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21 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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The natural progression of soil from one type of vegetation to another is called....
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succession
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When one species "paves the way" for the next species in a community, it is called...
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succession
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When bare rock, concrete, or asphalt is the starting medium for succession, then we call it _____ succession.
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primary
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When soil is the starting medium for succession, then we call it _____ succession.
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secondary
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Lichens and mosses are the first organisms to colonize bare rock and thus it's appropriate that we call them ....
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pioneers
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Lichens and mosses help each other survive the bare rock environment. Therefore, they have a ____ relationship.
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mutualistic
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Lichens can break down rock into soil and extract n___ from the rock which can help the ____ grow.
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nutrients
mosses |
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As soil gets deeper from the mosses, the next plants to colonize are the _____.
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annuals
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Annuals must ____ each year. The soil is not deep enough to support larger plants.
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re-seed
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Plants that come after annuals are the ____ .
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Perennials
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Perennials are capable of growing back each year from their ____.
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roots
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Larger perennials that have woody stems and can keep their vegetation all year long are the ____, and require much deeper soil.
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shrubs
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____ start to colonize after shrubs.
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Pines/fir trees
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Pine trees have ___ with chemicals that can inhibit other plants from growing, including the pines themselves.
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needles (leaves)
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Pine trees need periodic ____ to eliminate some needles, force cones to open & release seed, wipe out the _____, and reduce the amount of ___ on the ground.
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ground fires
competition from other trees fuel |
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If pines don't have fire to eliminated fuel wood and leaf litter on the ground, then when a fire does happen, it's usually a ____ fire
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catastrophic crown
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Hardwoods tend to ___ -out pines and outcompete against them.
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shade
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A hardwood forest consists of trees like....
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oaks, maples
hickories, dogwood poplars, walnuts, beech, etc. |
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A hardwood forest is said to be in ____ stage and is believed to stay in that state indefintely unless there's a fire or other catastrophy.
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climax
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A sand dune or a freshly plowed field can undergo ____ succession.
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secondary
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If a climax forest is burned all the way to the perennial stage, then the next stage that must appear is...
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shrub
[Can't return back to hardwoods unless you pass through the other stages first.] |
