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21 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is Ecology?
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The interaction of organisms with their environment(Haeckel1869)
Ecology is the scientific study of the interactions which determine the distribution and abundance of organisms (Krebs 1972) |
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Hierarchy of Life that defines ecology?
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Biosphere
Ecosystem Community Population Organism |
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Ecology is the study of interactions
between what? |
Individuals
Individuals & Systems Systems & Systems |
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Individual:
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any separate organism
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Genet
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any individual originating from a fertilized egg
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Ramet
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any individual that is part of a clone.
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System:
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any set of components
linked together by regular interactions. |
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Organismal level
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How individuals impact &
are affected by their environment. |
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Population Level
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::presence/absence, abundance,
trends & fluctuations in numbers Components e.g. birth & death rates, fecundity Characteristics e.g. density dependent regulation |
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Community Level:
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Structure and energy flow &
nutrient pathways. Component interactions e.g. competition, predation Properties e.g. species diversity, energy flow |
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Ecosystem level:
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intercommunity interactions
Component communities e.g. landscape ecology Properties e.g. energy & nutrient cycles |
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What levels can Ecology be studied on?
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Organismal, Population, Community, Ecosystem
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What does Ecology overlap with?
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Ecology overlaps especially with behavior,
evolution, genetics, & physiology mostly in areas that affect distribution& abundance Consequences of Human impact created environments e.g. farms, orchards Pollution, global warming Computer & Mathematical Modeling |
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Hypothetico-deductive reasoning?
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ask answerable questions
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Politics
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science should determine policy
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Statistics & Modeling
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necessary for dealing with many unknown
variables Models are based on assumptions The more you know the more you know you don’t know |
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Goals of Ecology
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To Explain orUnderstand
Directed description (ask the right questions) To Predict Control & Exploit (based on accurate description) Proximal Explanation -here & now (short term) Ultimate Explanation -past & future (long term) |
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Deductive Reasoning:
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General to Specific
Premise 1:If all organisms are composed of cells Premise 2:humans are organisms Conclusion:Then humans are composed of cells (prediction about a specific case) |
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Inductive Reasoning:
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Specific to General (extrapolation)humans have cells therefore all organisms have cells
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Control:
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An unmanipulatedvariable
with which the manipulated treatment is compared 1) prove that the treatment effect is real 2) monitor uncontrolled variables |
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Replication:
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Repeated copies of the
treatment and control 1) average out inherent variation 2) rule out chance occurrences |
