Eco Ch 1,2,3

Front 1

biome

Back 1

div of terr env.
biological communities shaped by climate
driven by plants!
lrg geo area char by sim flora/fauna/micro orgs

Front 2

leaf types

Back 2

structure
annual shedding
succulence

Front 3

convergent evol

Back 3

evol of similar life forms among distantly related orgs

Front 4

ecotome

Back 4

transition between diff ecosys/communities

Front 5

hydrologic cycle

Back 5

dynamic move water among reservoirs
driven by sun
drives winds, evaps water

Front 6

% water on earth

Back 6

97.5%
most fresh-icecaps-80%
some ground water
less lakes

Front 7

props water

Back 7

found all 3 states matter
high heat capacity

Front 8

heat capacity

Back 8

amount heat req to change temp by given amount

Front 9

intertidal zone

Back 9

dominated by waves/tide
spray zone
intertidal-both water, none
subtidal-water mostly
submerged

Front 10

neritic zone

Back 10

from high tide to continental shelf

Front 11

benthic zone

Back 11

bottom habitats
all depths

Front 12

photic zone

Back 12

0-200m
enough light for photo.

Front 13

aphotic zone

Back 13

deepest ocean water
blackness

Front 14

pelagic zone

Back 14

in water column

Front 15

tide

Back 15

reg, alternating rise/fall of sea level
caused by grav pull of moon/sun

Front 16

intertidal zone adaptations

Back 16

muscular foot
grouping
suction

Front 17

coral reefs

Back 17

shallow marine life-photic zone-light
much, diverse life
simbiotic w algae

Front 18

streams/rivers

Back 18

high O2 content
algae primary prod
inverts in sediment
speed=freshwater classification

Front 19

ponds/lakes

Back 19

zonation by depth
prox to shore

Front 20

epilimnon

Back 20

lakes
top, warmer, light

Front 21

hypolimnon

Back 21

lakes
bottom, cold, dark, less O2

Front 22

metalimnon

Back 22

lakes
between hypo, epi
large temp change/little depth change

Front 23

lake stratification

Back 23

mixing
dense water sinks
warming/cooling at surface dist O2/nutrients from bott
important bc bact at bott use all O2

Front 24

lake primary prod limiting factors

Back 24

N, P
plants/algae

Front 25

oligotrophic

Back 25

low nutrients-N/P
low productivity/life

Front 26

eutrophic

Back 26

high nurients
high production/life
can be bad-algae blooms, bact active=no O2 left

Front 27

estuary

Back 27

fresh/salt water meet
much life, diversity

Front 28

lyme disease

Back 28

zoonosis-disease to human from non
vector-borne=spread to animal from insect

Front 29

ecosystem

Back 29

bio comm+all abiotic factors

Front 30

global climate patterns

Back 30

explain location diff ecosys types

Front 31

climate

Back 31

avg daily weather extended pd at loc
weather-current cond
abiotic env controlled by climate-avail water/heat amount
ecosys struct/funct related to climate

Front 32

glabal biomes

Back 32

equator-->poles
tropics-->desert-->temperate-->arctic

Front 33

solar radiation

Back 33

force driving climate
varies w latitiude-uneven heating by sun

Front 34

greenhouse effect

Back 34

1/3 solar rad bounces back
sunlight enters as solar rad-absorbed as infrared
ghg reflect IR-good
ghg conc incr-warming

Front 35

coriolis effect

Back 35

movement ocean water
responsible for tradewinds/westerlies

Front 36

ocean currents

Back 36

dist heat around globe bc coasts warm

Front 37

topography

Back 37

affects rate/direction water flow, patterns erosion
air brings moist over water/flat land
meaning for mtns?

Front 38

adiabatic heat/cool

Back 38

air expands, uses energy, cools

Front 39

evolution

Back 39

change allele frequncy over time
level of pop

Front 40

evol mechs

Back 40

mutation-source variation
variants freq change:
nat select
gene flow
gene drift

Front 41

variation

Back 41

changes in allele-influence pheno
gene pool-all alleles in indivs

Front 42

mutation

Back 42

source new alleles
point mut-single nucleotide
chrom rearrangements
inidiv/pop consequences

Front 43

phenotypic plasticity

Back 43

ability one geno prod many pheno
when in diff envs

Front 44

required for evol

Back 44

variation traits
diff reprod/survival
heredibility across gens

Front 45

nat select

Back 45

sorting process:favored traits, change allele freq
only mech causing adapt evol
level of indiv
trait property individ

Front 46

adaptation

Back 46

heritable trait/feature improve ability survive/reprod
beh, morpho, physio

Front 47

directional selection

Back 47

pushes pop phenos in direction

Front 48

disruptive select

Back 48

favor extremes at expense of intermediate

Front 49

stabilizing select

Back 49

favors intermed phenos

Front 50

gene drift

Back 50

stochastic process
sig small pops
founder-new pop not rep orig diversity
bottleneck-chance
within/bitween-loss/gain div pops

Front 51

gene flow

Back 51

movement/intro new alleles between pops
mixes pops genetically

Front 52

benthic

Back 52

orgs found near lake bottom

Front 53

limetic

Back 53

orgs living in open lake water

Front 54

science prime concerned meas

Back 54

central tend
spread
confidence

Front 55

mean

Back 55

meas central tend
avg
sensitive to outliers

Front 56

mode

Back 56

meas central tend
most common val

Front 57

median

Back 57

meas central tend
middle reading

Front 58

standard dev

Back 58

meas of spread
small=data pts tend be close to mean
lrg=spread over more vals

Front 59

varience

Back 59

meas of spread

Front 60

confidence int

Back 60

contain true pop ?% of time

Front 61

ind variable

Back 61

in statement cause/effect
predictor variable-object thought cause effect

Front 62

fitness

Back 62

relative genetic contribution of individs to future gens
hard meas

Front 63

extreme temp survival

Back 63

migration
storage
dormancy
animals/plants can reg temp internally

Front 64

biosphere

Back 64

parts of earth support life
land/water/atmosphere

Front 65

natural history

Back 65

study how orgs influenced by climate, soil, preds etc

Front 66

soil horizons

Back 66

O-organic-top
A-clay/silt
B-clay/humus
C-weathered nutrients

Front 67

littoral zone

Back 67

lakes
shallow, near shore

Front 68

limnetic zone

Back 68

lakes
open water

Front 69

water relations

Back 69

how orgs deal with diff water amounts

Front 70

osmosis

Back 70

diffusion water across semipermeable membrane

Front 71

isoosmotic

Back 71

org body fluid/ext env same water/solute concentration

Front 72

hyberosmotic

Back 72

org w fluid lower water conc than env

Front 73

hypoosmotic

Back 73

org with fluid of higher water conc than env

Front 74

water potential

Back 74

terr env
capacity of water to do work
think water up roots, trunk of trees

Front 75

animal water relations

Back 75

w(ia)=w(d)+w(f)+w(a)-w(e)-w(s)

Front 76

resource aquisition

Back 76

how orgs acquire E+nutrients

Front 77

autotrophs

Back 77

use inorgo sources for carbon/E
chemosynthetic, photo

Front 78

heterothrophs

Back 78

use orgo molecs as source C, E
occupy many trophic levels

Front 79

chemosynthetic autotroph

Back 79

synthesize orgo molecs using CO2 as C source
inorgo chems H2S as E

Front 80

photosynthetic autotroph

Back 80

use CO2 as C source
light as source E to synthesize orgo comps=ATP/NADPH=E used to reduce C

Front 81

trophic diversity among bio kingoms

Back 81

bacteria most diverse-use all three ways h, ph, ch
protists h, ph
plants mostly ph
fungi/animals all h

Front 82

meaning reduced carbon

Back 82

autotrophic orgs make carbon available to heterothrophs

Front 83

trophic level

Back 83

steps from primary prod an org is
food chain

Front 84

heterotroph problem

Back 84

converting autotroph biomass-->usable E
C:N ratio too different
worst for herbivores
carnivores: no prob

Front 85

Nitrogen

Back 85

growth limiting resource
central role metabolic processes
supp N- better health, growth, reprod, survival
N in atm unusable
animals need orgo N

Front 86

herbivores

Back 86

eat living plants/algae
may/not kill

Front 87

predators

Back 87

capture, kill live prey

Front 88

detritivores

Back 88

consume non-living orgo matter(dead/byproducts)--get reduced C compounds
reduced C changes
essential to env

Front 89

carnivores

Back 89

simpler stomach

Front 90

omnivores

Back 90

can eat from mult troph levels

Front 91

ecosystem ecology

Back 91

interaction within/between a?biotic parts
-movement of E+material

Front 92

nested ecosys

Back 92

one exists inside another

Front 93

property of ecosys

Back 93

open-shared prop w/ all bio sys
E in/out all time
E orig from primary producers-autotrophs

Front 94

laws thermodynamics

Back 94

E neither created/destroyed
when E transformed/transferred, some lost as heat

Front 95

primary production

Back 95

production new orgo matter by autotrophs (fixation of E)
variable over space--temp, ppt most affect

Front 96

rate primary prod

Back 96

amount biomass prod over pd time
GPP
NPP

Front 97

GPP

Back 97

total amount E fixed by auto
total rate CO2 fixed-->carbs per time unit

Front 98

NPP

Back 98

net primary production
amount E left after auto used their needed amount
net rate orgo matter prod by auto
reps total amount orgo matter avail to higher t levels

Front 99

autotrophic respiration

Back 99

Ra
rate E consumption by primary prod for own growth/maintinence

Front 100

NPP equn

Back 100

npp=gpp-Ra

Front 101

NEP equn

Back 101

nep=gpp-Ra-Rh

Front 102

heterotrophic respiration

Back 102

Rh
rate of consumpt orgo matter by hetero

Front 103

NEP

Back 103

net rate orgo matter accumulated in ecosys

Front 104

AET

Back 104

annual actual evapotranspiration
annual amount water evap/transpires off landscape
depends both temp, ppt
ppt/npp control variation in sim ecosys--also soil fert

Front 105

Lieberg law of min

Back 105

plant growth limited by most limited mineral
Niwot Ridge exp

Front 106

marine ecosys primary prod

Back 106

nutrient avail limiting factor
highest near continents
where nutrients most-runoff/upwelling(deep=full nut)

Front 107

trophic dynamic view of ecosys

Back 107

group orgs
each level feed on level below
as E transferred-E degraded

Front 108

trophic transfer

Back 108

one org feeding on abother

Front 109

examples not fitting into one troph level

Back 109

omnivores
detriivores(plant/microbe/animal consumed)

Front 110

feeding relationships

Back 110

small part biomass consumed in terr
most-->detritus

Front 111

ecological efficiency

Back 111

% E in biomass at lower troph level that is transported to next
5-20% efficient

Front 112

factors affecting ecosys trophic level #

Back 112

amount E entering
dispersal ability
frequency of disturbances
area size

Front 113

bottom-up controls

Back 113

influence of phys/chem factors on primary prod rate
same time as top-down

Front 114

top-down controls

Back 114

influence of consumers on ecosys
rate pred consumption influences levels below
same time as bott-up

Front 115

trophic cascades

Back 115

occur top-down
series trophic interactions-->change E, species composition