Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
62 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
what is the integument made of?
|
The integument is the skin +skin appendages
|
|
|
what are skin appendages made up of?
|
Sweat glands, Sebaceous glands, Hair follicles, Nails.
|
|
|
what are the two types of skin?
|
Thick (epidermis) and thin (dermis)
|
|
|
what are the fuctions of the integument?
|
protection, prevent dehydration, wound healing, temperature regulation, syntesis of vitamin D and sensory reception.
|
|
|
how does the integument act as a protective barrier?
|
physical and immune response (presents antigens)
|
|
|
how does the integument regulate temp?
|
moves blood to and away from skin.
|
|
|
what are the layers that the integument are made up of?
|
epidermin, dermis and hypodermis
|
|
|
how many layers does thick skin have?
|
5
|
|
|
Does thick skin have hair?
|
No
|
|
|
how many layers does thin skin have?
|
4
|
|
|
does thin skin have hair?
|
Yes
|
|
|
what are the 5 layer of thick skin?
|
Stratum corneum, stratum lucidum, stratum granulosum, stratum spinosum, and stratum basale.
|
|
|
what are keratinocytes?
|
they produce keratin
|
|
|
what are melaocytes?
|
they produce melanin
|
|
|
where are melaocytes found?
|
stratum basale
|
|
|
what are melanocytes derived from?
|
neural crest cells
|
|
|
what enzyme are albinos missing?
|
tyrosinase
|
|
|
how do melanocytes work?
|
they produce melanin using tyroniase from tyrosine and then secrete the melanin to keratinocytes. This melanin surrounds the nucleus of the keratinocytes and absorbs UV radiatoin.
|
|
|
what are langerhans cells?
|
They look like melanocytes but are not found in the stratum basale instead they are in the stratum spinosum. These are star shaped cells and have a halo around them.
|
|
|
what cells are langerhans cells derived from?
|
monocytes which are macrophage precurses in the bone marrow.
|
|
|
what are merkel cells?
|
Cells found in the dermal/epidermal junctions. these are thought to be innercated by free endings.
|
|
|
what is an epidermal-melanin unit?
|
This is one melanocyte and its surrounding keratinocytes it serves.
|
|
|
what does the dermis consist of?
|
dense irregular CT, BVs and sensory organs
|
|
|
how many layers is the dermis made up of?
|
2
|
|
|
what are the two layers the dermis is made up of?
|
papillary layer and reticular layer
|
|
|
what are melanocytes derived from?
|
neural crest cells
|
|
|
what enzyme are albinos missing?
|
tyrosinase
|
|
|
how do melanocytes work?
|
they produce melanin using tyroniase from tyrosine and then secrete the melanin to keratinocytes. This melanin surrounds the nucleus of the keratinocytes and absorbs UV radiatoin.
|
|
|
what are langerhans cells?
|
They look like melanocytes but are not found in the stratum basale instead they are in the stratum spinosum. These are star shaped cells and have a halo around them.
|
|
|
what cells are langerhans cells derived from?
|
monocytes which are macrophage precurses in the bone marrow.
|
|
|
what are merkel cells?
|
Cells found in the dermal/epidermal junctions. these are thought to be innercated by free endings.
|
|
|
what is an epidermal-melanin unit?
|
This is one melanocyte and its surrounding keratinocytes it serves.
|
|
|
what does the dermis consist of?
|
dense irregular CT, BVs and sensory organs
|
|
|
how many layers is the dermis made up of?
|
2
|
|
|
what are the two layers the dermis is made up of?
|
papillary layer and reticular layer
|
|
|
what are dermal pappilae?
|
this is when the dermis goes into the epidermis
|
|
|
what are epidermal ridges?
|
when the epidermis goes into the dermis
|
|
|
why are dermal-epidermal ridges necessary?
|
good for friction and found in dinger prints
|
|
|
what are 2 sensory structures in the dermal layer?
|
meissner corpuscle and Pacinian (lamellated) corpuscles
|
|
|
what are meissner corpuscles?
|
This is located in the dermal papillae and is used for the tactile (touch) sense.
|
|
|
what are Pacinian (lamellated) corpuscles?
|
This is an onion shape sense organ stimulated by pressure and found in deep layers of skin (reticular dermis and hypodermis) particularly around finger pads. They sense vibration and deep pressure.
|
|
|
How do Pacinian (lamellated) corpuscles work?
|
They have layers of cells around a nerve ending and when there is compression of the layers, they sense pain.
|
|
|
what is the intervention of the skin?
|
The vascular supply to the skin is made up of many vessels. However, it is capillaries in the dermal pappalie that controls temperature. When you are blushing it is because your capillaries have dilated and heat to the skin has increased.
|
|
|
what are the interventions in the skin made up of?
|
sympathetic and sensory interventions
|
|
|
what are the sympathetic interventions made up of?
|
Eccrine, Arterioles, Arrector pili, and Apocrine
|
|
|
what are sensory interventions made up of?
|
Merkel cells, Free, Pacinian, and Meissner’s
|
|
|
what are the modes of secretion?
|
merocine, apocrine and holocrine
|
|
|
Merocrine secretion
|
exocytosis
|
|
|
holocrine
|
glands that discharge whole cells into the tunes of the gland
|
|
|
eccrin sweat glands
|
Watery secretion. Contains water, NaCl, urea, ammonia and uric acid. The ducts ope to the skin surface. These are all over the body, NaCl is moved inside the gland and water follows.
|
|
|
Apocrine sweat glands:
|
Found in the AAA (axillary, areolar and anal regions) The ducts open to the hair follicles and the secretion is merocrine (excocytosis). The viscous secretion is at first odorless but is then easily affected by bacteria.
|
|
|
Sebaceous Glands:
|
These glands open up to hair follicles (more superficial than apocrine glands). These glands secrete oily discharges. What happens is the whole cell is dumped into the folical (holocrine mode of secretion). These cells are antibacterial by nature.
|
|
|
what are pilosebaceous unit?
|
a sebaceous gland, hair follicle and an arrector pili muscle.
|
|
|
hair follicles
|
Hair is modified epithelium. The shape of the follicle determines the hair characteristics.
|
|
|
what is the arrector pili?
|
The arrector pili muscle part of the pilosebaceous unit causes hairs to stand on end.
|
|
|
what colors skin?
|
carotene, hemoglobin, melanin, and bilirubin
|
|
|
what is carotene?
|
Found in the subcutaneous fat and gives a yellow-orange color.
|
|
|
how does hemoglobin produce color in the skin?
|
The concentration in the blood and degree of oxygenation gives a reddish hue.
|
|
|
how does melanin produce color?
|
Concentration determines skin color.
|
|
|
what color does bilirubin produce?
|
yellowish
|
|
|
what is the hypodermis?
|
25. The hypodermis is not actually part of the skin and consists of fascia and various amounts of subcuataneous adipose tissue. The hypodermis also contains the pacinian corpuscles
|
|
|
what is basal cell carcinoma?
|
The layer of cells affected is the stratum basale. This looks like a sore and won’t go away.
|
