Echo 2404 Section 1 Review

Front 1

Identify characteristics of dilated cardiomyopathy

Back 1

- Impaired LV contractility

- Reduced CO

- Elevated LV end diastolic pressure

Front 2

What factors are related to increase of EPSS?

Back 2

LV dilation and reduce mitral leaflet motion caused by low transmitral flow rates

Front 3

Identify characteristics of Fabrys and Chagas’ disease

Back 3

Chagas acute:

- LV dilation

- WMA

- Decreased global

- Systolic function

Chagas Chronic:

- Apical hypokinesis/ Akinesis

- Apical aneurysm (With/without thrombus formation)

- Dilated cardiomyopathy

- Pericardial effusion

- MR/ TR

Front 4

What causes hypertrophic cardiomyopathy?

Back 4

Abnormalities related in genes coding for contractile proteins

Front 5

What is associated with SAM?

Back 5

-MR (HCM)

Outflow tract obstruction (mid systole closure of AV)

Front 6

How is nonobstructive versus obstructive HCM classified?

Back 6

Non: Less then 30mmHg/ Blocks blood flow out of LV

Obstructive: Greater than 30mmHg/ Does not block the flow out of the LV

Front 7

Which view is best for defining the relationship of septal obstruction and flow tract?

Back 7

PLAX

Front 8

Identify the differences and similarities between the sub aortic obstruction Doppler signal in the mitral regurgitation Doppler signal.

Back 8

Similarities:

-High velocity signals

-Directed away from Apex

Differences:

-Shape: Sup aortic obstruction has a late peaking velocity

-MR Has rapid early systolic rise in velocity

-Timing: MR is longer in duration; Timing of obstruction is shorter

Front 9

How is restrictive cardiomyopathy characterized?

Back 9

-Heart failure with preserved EF

-Diastolic dysfunction

-Stiff and thickened myocardium

Front 10

Which cardiomyopathy is stress- induced?

Back 10

Takotsubo

Front 11

List characteristics of amyloidosis:

Back 11

-Speckled myocardium

-Ground glass

-Normal LV size

-Concentric LV and RV wall thickening

-Mild - moderate biatrial enlargement

-Trivial pericardial effusion

Front 12

Which cardiomyopathy is most common?

Back 12

Dilated cardiomyopathy

Front 13

List causes of dilated cardiomyopathy:

Back 13

-Idiopathic

-Genes

-CAD

-Chemotherapy

-Toxin exposure

-Drugs

-Alcohol abuse

-Neuromuscular disorder (Muscular dystrophy)

-Peri-partum and post- partum

-Infectious

Front 14

Which cardiomyopathy is associated with pregnancy and postpartum?

Back 14

Peripartum (dilated)

Front 15

List symptoms of dilated cardiomyopathy:

Back 15

-Heart failure

-Decreased CO

-Dysrhythmias

-Regurgitant valves

-ischemia

-Thrombus

-Pericardial effusion (small)

-Endocarditis (rare)

Front 16

List the characteristics of hemochromatosis:

Back 16

-Most common iron overload disease that may result in multiple organ and tissue damage

Front 17

List ways to adjust the machine or scanning to interrogate the LV Apex:

Back 17

-Zoom in

-Decreased depth

-Move focal point

Front 18

Heart become enlarge, heavily thickened due to excessive glycogen storage in tissue

Back 18

Pompes

Front 19

List characteristics of arrythmogenic (right side) RV dysplasia and LV noncompaction

Back 19

Genetic and results in fibrofatty replacement of RV wall

Front 20

Granulomas infiltrate various organs. Pulmonary HTN, heart failure, dysrhythmias

Back 20

Sarcoidosis