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32 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What else can also underestimate degree of AS?
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Poor angle
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According to the continuity equation, if area decreases, then velocity |
increases to maintain flow
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AS criteria by AVA
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NORMAL 2.5-4.5 cm^2 MILD AS 1.1-1.9 cm^2 MOD/SEVEREAS 0.75-1.0cm^2 SEVERE AS <0.75 cm^2 |
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What is the modified Bernoulli's Equation?
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4(V)^2
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The modified Bernoulli's equation will give the max and mean PG by the _____ tracing
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V2
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The modified Bernoulli equation provides instantaneous ____________ |
pressure gradients (PG)
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What is the AS criteria by Mean PG/Bernoulli equation?
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MILD <20mmHg MODERATE 20-49 mmHg SEVERE >50mmHg |
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What is the AS criteria by MAX PG/Bernoulli equation?
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MILD 16-36mmHg MODERATE 36-50mmHg SEVERE >64mmHg |
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The degree of AS can also be done by placing a caliper at the peak of the ______ Doppler waveform
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V2
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What is the AS criteria by PEAK VELOCITY?
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MILD <3.0 m/sec MOD 3.0- 4.0 m/sec SEVERE >4.0 m/sec |
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Cath lab uses _________ to calculate AoV area
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Gorlin formula
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What is the Gorlin Formula?
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Area = flow x velocity
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The Gorlin formula uses mean pressure gradient which correlates best with ____________ |
mean Doppler pressure gradient
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condition when the AoV is thickened but not restricted |
Aortic Sclerosis
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With Aortic Sclerosis the velocity is
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<2 m/sec
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Non-hemodynamic evaluation of aortic stenosis utilized in psax, during systole
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planimetry
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AS creates a what kind of color flow?
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turbulent systolic jet
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What kind of murmur is heard with AS?
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Harsh systolic ejection murmur
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A stenotic color jet can be detected through the AoV, from the LVOT into the ____________
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aortic root
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What are 5 complication of AS?
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1. LA and LV pressure overload 2. endocarditis 3.decreased CO 4.Myocardial or Cerebral infarct 5. CHF |
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T or F Pulmonary Edema can be a complication of AS |
True
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What are some treatments of AS?
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Aov replacement AoV debridement or balloon valvuloplasty |
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When is an AoV replacement performed?
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When a patient becomes symptommatic
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Name 3 types of subvalvular Aortic Stenosis
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1. discrete membranous 2. diffuse fibromuscular stenosis 3. sigmoid septum |
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Thin membrane in the LVOT obstructing the aortic orifice and is congenital
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Discrete membranous
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symmetrical thickening of the LV myocardium that obstructs blood flow o the aorta
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Diffuse fibromuscular stenosis
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occurs in elderly patients, basal portion of the septum enlarges and impinges the outflow tract
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Sigmoid Septum
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When seen in young patients, sigmoid septum is congenital disorder known as |
IHSS or HOCM
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Name three types of supravalvular AS?
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1.Membranous 2. Hourglass deformity 3.Hypoplasia of Aorta |
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Supravalvular AS are all __________ disorders
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congenital
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Cath lab pressures of AS show that
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ventricular systolic pressure increases
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Why does systolic ventricular pressures increase with AS?
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because blood is not going through valve
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