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34 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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classification of pulmonary embolism |
small- affecting a small area of a lung lobe |
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most common cause of pulmonary embolism |
DVT |
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list causes of pulmonary embolism |
DVT |
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The 3 major factors that make a person prone to DVT's and what its called |
1. Stasis 2. Endothelial Injury-vessel injury 3. hypercoagulability Virchow's Triad |
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8 most common signs/symptoms of pulomonary embolism |
1. dyspnea 2. tachypnea 3. hypotension 4. tachycardia 5. low grade fever 6. crackles, wheezing 7. syncope 8. chest pain |
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2D findings for pulmonary embolism |
RVE D SIGN D/T PHTN PARADOXICAL SEPTAL BOUNCE possible-dilated IVC , RAE, visualization of thrombus |
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TREATMENT PE |
Thrombolysis drugs-anticoagulates IVC filter Embolectomy |
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Systemic Hypertension causes/etiologies |
90% idiopathic renal disease phochrmocytoma
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most common cause of systemic hypertension |
90% cases are IDIOPATHIC |
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SIGNS/SYSPTOMS SYSTEMIC HYPERTENSION |
ASYMPTOMATIC-UNTIL LATE IN THE DISEASE
ABNORMAL BP |
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# FOR HIGH BLOOD PRESSURE |
140/90 |
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NORMAL PRESSURES FOR CHAMBERS |
RV-25mmHg RA-0-5mmHg LV-120mmHg LA-10mmHg |
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2D findings for systemic hypertension |
LVH >1.3 HIGHER LV MASS AORTIC DILATION/DISSECTION POSSIBLE LAE
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COLOR DOPPLER FINDINGS SYSTEMIC HYPERTENSION |
COLOR TO ASSESS AORTIC VALVE FOR AI IF DILATED |
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PULMONARY HYPERTENSION CAUSES |
PRIMARY PHTN IS IDIOPATHIC COPD MV DISEASE PULMONARY EMBOLISM OBESTIY EISENMENGERS |
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signs and symptoms PULMONARY HYPERTENSION |
FATIGUE DYSPNEA SYNCOPE CYANOSIS HEMOPTYSIS |
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2D/M-MODE PULMONARY HYPERTENSION |
FLATTENING OF THE IVS IN PSAX D SIGN RVH RVE PARADOXICIAL SEPTAL MOTION(BEST M-MODE) M-MODE DECREASED/ABSENT A WAVE FLYING W |
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SIGNATURE SIGN OF PHTN |
"D" SIGN |
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COLOR DOPPLER PULMONARY HYPERTENSION |
LOOK FOR PI IN RVOT TR- IN RA IS BLUE |
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PATHOPHYSIOLOGY OF PULMONARY HYPERTENSION |
RESISTANCE TO VENOUS DRAINAGE RESISTANCE TO BLOOD FLOW (COPD, PRIMARY PHTN) RESISTANCE TO PA FLOW (PPS, PE) HYPOVENTILATION D/T OBESITY EISENMENGER'S SYNDROME |
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SYSTEMIC HYPERTENSION |
HIGH BLOOD PRESSURE 140/90 PRIMARY HYPERTENSION INCREASED RISK FOR CVA, KIDNEY FAILURE, CHF, PVD AND MI |
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PATHOPHYSIOLOGY OF PULMONARY EMBOLISM |
IF THERE IS A 50%-60% DECREASE IN FLOW, SEVERE PHTN WILL DEVELOP WHICH LEADS TO RV STRAIN, RV ENLARGEMENT AND EVENTUAL RV FAILURE |
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IF TRYING TO FIGURE OUT PULMONARY HYPERTENSION PRESSURES WITH NO TR BUT HAS PI WHAT IS DONE? |
END DIASTOLIC PA PRESSURE
MEASURE END DIASTOLIC VELOCITY OF DOP TRACING
BERNOULLI
ADD RA PRESSURES BASED ON IVC TO GET RVSP |
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WHAT ARE THE RANGES FOR END DIASTOLIC PA PRESSURE |
SAME AS TR RVSD
NORMAL 18-30 MILD 31-40 MOD 41-70 SEVERE >70
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MEAN PA PRESSURE FOR PULMONARY HYPERTENSION |
MEASURE PEAK VELOCITY O PI DOPPLER PW
BERNOULLI NORMAL 25 mmHg mild 25-34 mod PHTN 34-44 severe PHTN >44mmHg |
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RVOT ACCELERATION TIME USING PW WITH NO PI OR TR |
MEASURE TIME OF ONSET OF FLOW AT BASELINE TO PEAK SYSTOLIC VELOCITY
INSERT THAT THAT NUMBER INTO EQUATION
MEAN PA PRESSURE= 79-(.45xACT) |
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RANGES FOR MEAN PA PRESSURE BY ACCEL TIME |
NORMAL > 120 MSEC MILD 80-120 MOD PHTN 60-80 SEVERE PHTN <60 MSEC |
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CW ASSESSMENT FOR PA PRESSURE |
PULMONIC VALVE PEAK VELOCTIY BERNOULLI
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RANGES FOR CW DOPPLER FOR PA PRESSURES |
NORMAL <30MMHG MILD 30-40 MOD 40-70 SEVERE PHTN >70 |
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COR PULMONALE |
RT SIDED HEART FAILURE D/T LUNG DISEASES
COPD CHRONIC BRONCHITIS POLIO POST POLIO |
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S/S COR PULMONALE |
JVD HEPATOMEGALY PULSATILE LIVER PERIPHERAL EDEMA ASCITES
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2D FINDING COR PULMONALE |
RVE RAE |
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PW FOR PULMONARY EMBOLISM |
ON PV FOR RVSP OR RAP CALC.
HV FLOWS FOR FLOW REVERSAL |
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CW FOR PULMONARY EMBOLISM |
PV FOR RVSP TV FOR TR VELOCITIES TO CALC. RVSP TO QUANTIFY PHTN |
