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25 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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mitral stenosis |
mitral valve leaflets/apparatus are damaged, so that the valve is unable to open completely. This results in rising pressures and LAE |
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most common cause of ms
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RHEUMATIC HEART
DISEASE |
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Rheumatic Heart Disease
(streptococcus B) what it does to valves |
a)swelling of leaflets
b)secondary erosions on closure along commissures c)scarring of leaflets/chords (nodules that became very echogenic later) |
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other causes of MS
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1. congenital-Parachute Mitral Valve (RARE)
2.M.A.C. 3. MYXOMA (TUMOR) |
3 things
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PARACHUTE MITRAL VALVE |
BOTH MV LEAFLETS ATTACH TO ONE CHORDEA AND ONE PAPILLARY MUSCLE.
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M.A.C. stands for?
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MITRAL ANNULAR CALCIFICATION
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what happens to the leaflets with MAC? % of patients have something with mac? |
VALVE BECOMES CALCIFIED THAT DIASTOLIC FLOW IS IMPEDED. 50% OF THE PATIENTS THAT HAVE MAC HAVE MR. |
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where does MAC usually position itself
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USUALLY STARTS IN POSTERIOR WALL BUT WILL WRAP AROUND
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MYXOMA is usually found
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MOSTLY FOUND IN LA ATTACHES TO THE INTRA ATRIAL SEPTUM. TUMOR CAN EMBOLIZE CAUSE TIA OR STROKE. (ALSO CAN MAKE HEART SOUND "TUMOR PLOP")
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HEART SOUNDS OF MS |
1.LOUD S1 2. OPENING SNAP (ANY MS) 3. DIASTOLIC RUMBLE |
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MOST COMMON EKG FINDINGS |
ATRIAL ARRHYTHMIAS-ASSOCIATED WITH LAE. THE PROBLEM CLOT FORMATION IN ATRIAL APPENDAGE. |
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SIGNS/SYMPTOMS OF MS |
Dyspnea (Lt side) hoarseness (Ortner's Syndrome) paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea hepatic congestion and enlargement fatigue hemoptysis |
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at what point is MS considered stenotic? |
<2cm SQUARED IS WHEN VALVE BECOMES STENOTIC
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NORMAL MITRAL VALVE AREA |
4-6cm squared |
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at what point is MS considered critical |
valve area is < 1.0cm squared. surgery strongly indicated-patient become symptomatic |
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LA pressures increase with MS because |
mitral valve is unable to open |
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why does LA enlarge with MS |
because of the pressures rising |
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pulmonary edema occurs with MS when |
LA pressures rise above 18mmHg(Mean) normal LA pressures are 5-10mmHg |
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hyperplasia |
a protective mechanism of the pulmonary capillary constriction to attempt to prevent pulmonary edema. |
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Pressures rise in pulmonary artery and can lead to RV failure, why? |
from the efforts of hyperplasia pulmonary hypertension |
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2D Finding of MS |
1.doming of leaflets during diastole "hockey stick"/"comma sign" 2.thickened leaflets w/ REDUCED opening/mobility during diastole both leaflets move anteriorly in diastole 3. decreased MV orifice-1.0cm2-
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when must MV be replaced due to MS
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when effective valve area is 1.0cm2
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M-Mode findings for MS |
reduced EF slope (flat) eventual loss of "A" wave (no atrial systole- a.fib-no p waves |
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treatments for MS |
BALLOON VALVULOPLASTY REPLACEMENT |
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causes of valvular MS |
Rheumatic etiology; most common degenerative due to excess calcification |
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