Ece Intro To Child Development - Theorist

Front 1

According to Jen, which theorist should come to mind when you hear or read “vs”?

(From class notes)

Back 1

Whenever you hear/read "vs". it is usually Erikson

Front 2

According to Jen, which theorist should come to mind when you hear or read “Schema”?

(From class notes)

Back 2

"Schema", is related to Piaget

Front 3

In relation to child development, how would a “theory” be defined?

(From PowerPoint, week 08)

Back 3

A theory is a testable set of assumptions concerning the causes of behaviour.

In child development, a theory is an organized set of ideas designed to explain development

Front 4

Explain the differences between:
Nature versus Nurture

(From PowerPoint, week 08)

Back 4

Nature versus Nurture

Nature vs. Nurture attempts to determine whether development is influenced more by:

• our innate biology and genetics (nature) or
• is it influenced primarily by our experiences (nurture).

Front 5

Explain the differences between:
Continuity versus Discontinuity

(From PowerPoint, week 08)

Back 5

Continuity versus Discontinuity

Whether development is:

• fluid and gradual (continuous) or
• it occurs in stages ( discontinuous)

Answers questions:
• are early aspects of one’s development related to later aspects?
• Do early childhood experiences predict future outcomes?

Front 6

Which theorist wanted to be a writer but instead, at 24, went to Harvard for psychology studies?

(Student presentations)

Back 6

B. F. SKINNER

Front 7

Which theorist was known for the reward system with pellets and mazes?

(Student presentations)

Back 7

B. F. SKINNER

Front 8

Which theorist is known for Positive and negative reinforcement?

(Student presentations)

Back 8

B. F. SKINNER

Front 9

Which theorist could speak 7 languages?

Back 9

SIGMOND FREUD

Although poor Freud’s parents ensure that he received a good education. He loved literature and was proficient in German, French, Italian, Spanish, English, Hebrew, Latin and Greek. Freud read William Shakespeare in English throughout his life, and it has been suggested that his understanding of human psychology was derived from Shakespeare's plays.

Front 10

Who is known as the founder of psychoanalytic theory

Back 10

Sigmund Freud

Front 11

Describe psychoanalytic theory

Back 11

Psychoanalytic theory is:

the theory of personality that focuses on repression and unconscious forces and includes the concepts of infantile sexuality, resistance, transference, and division of the psyche into the id, ego, and superego.

Front 12

What is:
ID, Ego and Super Ego?

Back 12

ID, Ego and Super Ego is:

What forms the structure of personality

Id - primitive instincts and drives
.
ego - A component of the personality that tries to realistically meet the demands of the id.

super ego - Acts as a moral agent of personality between id and ego.

Front 13

Describe ID

Back 13

The ID is the “animal within us” and preoccupied with selfish and often sexual desires.

It operates according to the “pleasure principle”, meaning it is the part of us that seeks pleasure and avoids pain.
The driving energy within the ID is what Freud calls the “Libido”.

Front 14

What does it mean to say

the mind of a newborn child is regarded as completely "id-ridden" means:

Back 14

Newborns are a mass of instinctive drives and impulses, and needs immediate satisfaction

Front 15

What does the ego represent?

Back 15

The ego represents:

What may be called reason and common sense

Front 16

Super-ego controls our sense of what?

Back 16

Super-ego controls our sense of:

right and wrong and guilt

Front 17

Which theorist the founder of an original holistic theory of human cultural and biosocial development?

Holistic = the whole child

Back 17

Lev Vygotsky

Front 18

Which theorist put emphasis on cultures and based on groups believe that Interaction is essential to development?

Back 18

Lev Vygotsky

Front 19

Which theorist created the theory of Zone of proximal development?

Back 19

Lev Vygotsky

Front 20

Describe Zone of proximal development.

Back 20

The zone of proximal development, often abbreviated ZPD, is the difference between what a learner can do without help and what he or she can do with help.

Vygotsky stated that a child follows an adult's example and gradually develops the ability to do certain tasks without help. Vygotsky's often-quoted definition of zone of proximal development presents it as the distance between the actual developmental level as determined by independent problem solving and the level of potential development as determined through problem solving under adult guidance, or in collaboration with more capable peers.

Vygotsky and other educational professionals believed education's role was to give children experiences that were within their zones of proximal development, thereby encouraging and advancing their individual learning.

"The zone of proximal development defines functions that have not matured yet, but are in a process of maturing, that will mature tomorrow, that are currently in an embryonic state; these functions could be called the buds of development, the flowers of development, rather than the fruits of development, that is, what is only just maturing.

Front 21

Which theorist in quoted as saying "only education is capable of saving our societies from possible collapse, whether violent, or gradual."

Back 21

Jean Piaget

Front 22

Which theorist is know for:

cognitive development

Back 22

Jean Piaget

Front 23

Describe cognitive development

Back 23

Cognitive development is a progressive reorganization of mental processes as a result of biological maturation and environmental experience.

Children construct an understanding of the world around them, then experience discrepancies between what they already know and what they discover in their environment.

--Children are only capable of learning things as they mature.

or

He suggested that children sort the knowledge they acquire through their experiences and interactions into groupings known as schemas. When new information is acquired, it can either be assimilated into existing schemas or accomodated through revising and existing schema or creating an entirely new category of information.

Front 24

How did Piaget come to realize his theories?

Back 24

His early work with Binet's intelligence tests had led him to conclude that children think differently than adults. It was this observation that inspired his interest in understand how knowledge grows throughout childhood.

Front 25

What is meant by the term "schema"

Back 25

A schema (pl. schemata) is the mental framework that is created as children interact with their physical and social environments.

For example, many 3-year-olds insist that the sun is alive because it comes up in the morning and goes down at night.

According to Piaget, these children are operating based on a simple cognitive schema that things that move are alive.

At any age, children rely on their current cognitive structures to understand the world around them.

Moreover, younger and older children may often interpret and respond to the same objects and events in very different ways because cognitive structures take different forms at different ages

Front 26

How do Erikson and Freud differ?

Back 26

Erik Erikson emphasized the role of culture and society and the conflicts that can take place within the ego itself, whereas Freud emphasized the conflict between the id and the superego.

Front 27

Erikson claimed that the individual develops on three levels simultaneously: What are they?

Back 27

Erikson claimed that the individual develops on three levels simultaneously:

* Biological,
* social and
* psychological (representing the organism, membership of Society and Individualism respectively).