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25 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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To evaluate treatment efficacy, a variety of experimental designs must be used. Which design involves the application of repeated baseline measures prior to treatment? a) Meta-analyses b) Systematic reviews c) Randomized application of treatment d) Time-series |
d) Time-series design: include repeated baseline measures prior to treatment, typically including systematic on-going measurement of participant's performance on the dependent variable during the course of the experiment/treatment |
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A Time-series design may be strengthened by one of the following: a) Systematic reviews b) Multiple alternating treatment and baseline segments c) Clinical practice guidelines d)Rejecting a null hypothesis when the null hypothesis is false |
b) Multiple alternating treatment and baseline segments. Including multiple alternating treatment and baseline segments, control subjects, and a second baseline segment after treatment can strengthened time-series studies. |
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When accumulated evidence from multiple studies is analyzed to evaluate results and effect sizes across studies, the following is used: a) Systematic reviews b) National Outcomes Measurement System c) Meta-analyses d) Evidence Based Practices
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c) Meta-analyses |
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The use of objective and comprehensive overviews of research that focus on a particular clinical issue consists of of a process called: a)Systematic reviews b)Randomization of treatment c) Meta-analyses d)Time-series study |
a) Systematic reviews |
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A research team is interested in testing the results of their study and generalizability. Which evidence should the team be interested in testing? a) Internal and external validity b) Outcomes of the study c) Sample size d) Purpose of the study |
a) Internal and external validity |
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A SLP is interested in measuring a client's change in behavior when a selected approach is implemented. Which variable is the SLP interested in measuring? a) Standard error of measurement b) Dependent variable c) Validity of measurement d) Independent variable |
b) Dependent variable |
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A participant of an on-going study has reported a change in his medication; this causes a possible change in the dependent variable. Which area of the study should the researchers be concerned with? a) Statistical regression b) Researcher bias c) Extraneous variable d)Level of research |
c) Extraneous variable |
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An audiologist conducting a study found that the equipment used for the study had an expired calibration sticker. The audiologist must report this incident, which term is used when an error resulting from a poor calibrated equipment occurs? a) Validity of measurement occurred b) Interobserver agreement was compromised c) A systematic error occurred d) Content validity was compromised |
c) A systematic error occurred |
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During a research study, the researchers did not agree with the results of the independent variable effects on the dependent variable. This study has a lack of: a) Intraobserver agreement b) Interobsever agreement c) Experimental agreement |
b) Interobserver agreement |
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When the baseline scores of an assessment has improved with minimal or no treatment, after several pretest attempts, the study suffered: a) Statistical regression b) Researcher bias c) Reactive pretest d) Lack of subject performance |
c) Reactive pretest |
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A research focused on individuals with and without aphasia: a) Experimental research b) Descriptive research c) Qualitative research d) Data analysis |
b) Descriptive research |
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A bell shape data distribution determines: a) Normal distribution of data b) A non-parametric statistics c)Large sample size d)Type 1 researcher error |
a) Normal distribution of data |
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A statistical significance test revealed a Type II error by the researchers. This indicates: a) The researchers rejected a true null hypothesis b) The researchers accepted a false null hypothesis c)The level of significance was small d) The level of significance was p<.05 |
b)The researchers accepted a false null hypothesis |
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A single dependent variable, and an independent t-test parametric procedure was used to compare two different groups during a study. This indicates there were: a) A contingency of coefficient b) Subject samples of 30 or more c) Subject samples of less than 30 d) Non-parametric procedures were used |
c) t-test: samples are less than 30 |
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To examine changes within a group over time, a non-parametric procedure can be used: a) MANCOVA analysis b) Wilcoxon matched-pairs signed ranks tests c) ANCOVA analysis d) z-ratio procedures |
b) Wilcoxon |
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A researcher is interested in conducting a study with two independent variables and needs to evaluate the effect of each independent variable. Which parametric procedures should be used? a) Cochran Q Test b) ANCOVA procedure c) MANOVA procedure d) Two-way ANOVA procedure |
d) Two-way ANOVA procedure |
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One common effect size estimate used to compare the means of two or more groups. a) Chi-square test b) z ration c) Cohen's d d) Meta-analyses |
c) Cohen's d |
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A research was conducted to find the benefits of counseling in aphasia groups. A series of question were provided to participants in a survey. Which research method was used to collect this data? a) Quantitative research b) Qualitative research c) Experimental research d) Descriptive research |
b) Qualitative research |
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A study conducted the effects of aural rehabilitation in different groups (e.g. acquired hearing impairment, and cochlear implant). Which research design was used? a) Between-subjects design b) Descriptive research c) Both quantitative and qualitative d) Multiple-baseline design |
a) Between-subjects design |
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Single-subject research involves one subject only. a) True b) False |
b) False: Single-subject research is focused on the individual, but it can involve a few subjects, as long as their performance during the study is reported individually. |
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In a descriptive research study, the researcher observed the participants and the dependent variable. A within-subject design was used for results; however the researchers would like to follow the long-term effects of the dependent variable conditioning. Which type of study can be used in this case? a) A within-group design b) A longitudinal design c) Quantitative design d) Qualitative design |
b) Longitudinal design |
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True negatives correctly identified by the research, refers to which test interpretation: a) Specificity b) Null hypothesis c) Clinical practice guidelines d) Regression analyses |
a) Specificity |
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A research is conducted in different rooms of a school. Some participants are seen in the cafeteria, others in their classrooms. This difference in setting poses a threat to: a) Research design b) Internal validity c) External validity d) Researcher bias |
c) External validity |
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The researcher is convinced that the dependent variable was changed by the implemented intervention that the researcher himself invented. The researcher only used intraobserver agreement. This research's internal validity was affected due to: a) Researcher bias b) Research design c) Dependent variability d) Independent variables |
a) Researcher bias |
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Score skewness refers to the negative or positive: a) Range of distribution b) Standard deviation c) Symmetry of distribution d) Parametric statistics |
c) Symmetry of distribution |
