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21 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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Directional Selection
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Natural selection favors single phenotype
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Example: elephant trunks and giraffe necks
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Stabilizing selection
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The middle is favored instead of extremes
(Need a better definition, can't find the one he said in class) |
Example: length of lizards
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Disruptive selection
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Shift from mean to extreme
(Need a better definition, can't find the one he said in class) |
Example: color of shells
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Natural selection
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Individuals in a population who are most adapted to the environment are more likely to survive, thrive, and leave the most offspring
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*Only populations evolve, not individuals
Example: McCarley's squirrels- 20% of the female squirrels gave birth to 70% of the next generation |
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Industrial mechanism
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An example of evolution in action
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Example: white trees turned black from soot. White moths turned black to stay camouflaged. (Directional selection!)
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Evolution of resistance
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An example of evolution in action
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Example:- Bacteria resistance to antibiotics
-Malaria Mosquito resistance to DDT |
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Species
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Group of actually or potentially interbreeding individuals, reproduction isolated from others
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Speciation
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The formation of new species, splitting of evolutionary lineages
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Adaptations
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Evolutionary modifications that "fit" organisms to their environment
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Adaptive Radiation
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(Don't have a definition :( ? )
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Example: Galapagos finches flying from island A to B blah blah blah
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Linear Speciation (One type of speciation)
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Changes in a single genetic lineage with time. New species replaces old species
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Example: Anagenesis--> Bison antigua were replaced by Bison bisons
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Branching Speciation (One type of speciation)
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Original species evolves into two or more species
*Requires isolation! |
Example: Cladogenesis-->Rana pipiens frog things that live from Texas to the US Northeast
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Geographic Isolation
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When part of a population of a species becomes isolated and evolve different characteristics
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Examples:
-Canyons -Cold wet periods-->warm dry periods (picture of peaks from notes-->isolation between each peak) |
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Isolating Mechanisms:
Pre-mating mechanisms |
1-Temporal/seasonal isolation
2-Ecological/Habitat isolation 3-Behavioral isolation 4-Mechanical isolation |
Examples:
1-Rainbow trout spawning 2-Blue jays vs stellar jays 3-Mating rituals blackbirds 4-Key and lock genitalia |
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Isolating Mechanisms:
Post-mating mechanisms |
1-Gamete incompatibility
2-Zygote/embryo incompetence 3-Hybrids have reduced viability/Hybrid sterility |
Examples:
1-Mass spawning on coral reefs controlled by moon 2-(Anyone have an example?) 3- Mules -usually- cannot breed |
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Taxonomy
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the science of naming organisms
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Systematics
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taxonomy and evolutionary relationships and history of organisms
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Phylogeny-
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An evolutionary history of a group of organisms
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Homologous Structures
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anatomical signs of evolution
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Example: Human, cat, whale, bat, all have similar bone structures for arms, but they are all used for different things
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Analogous Structures
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(didn't get a good definition)
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Example: Bat wing, bird wing, butterfly wing all used for flying, but their wings all evolved in a non-related matter?
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Extinction
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Failure to adapt
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Examples:
1-Habitat destruction 2-Invasive species 3-Market hunting (Over exploitation) |
