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24 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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In a research study which examined individuals who were 5 to 10 years post brain injury, disablement was primarily in what areas? |
Cognitive, behavior and personality changes
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What issues were identified as the primary sources of caregiver perceived burden? |
Behavior and cognitive issues |
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What issues were noted to persist over time? |
High rates of unemployment or under employment Lack of residential options Limited social interaction |
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One of the primary reasons the rights of individuals living with the effects of brain injury has risen substantially is due to this factor. |
Advances in trauma care have brought about significant declines in death rates due to brain injury. |
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While life expectancy after brain injury has continually risen, this area of life may not be keeping the same pace. |
Quality of life |
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Review of long-term consequences of brain injury, revealed these three areas of sufficient evidence of a causal relationship. |
Penetrating TBI and unprovoked seizures/premature death Severe or moderate TBI and unprovoked seizures |
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Studies that compared older adults with TBI survivors to age match controls without TBI found that older adults with TBI have lower scores on measures in these two areas. |
Attention and verbal memory |
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Severity of injury is less predictive of cognitive and functional outcome among older adults compared to younger adults. Instead a growing body of literature suggests that these four factors are stronger predictors of Post Injury outcome in older adults. |
Pre injury functioning Age of injury Pre existing medical conditions Medication use |
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Individuals with this pre-existing condition are more likely to sustain brain injury and the occurrence of brain injury often exacerbates their underlying issues. |
Psychiatric issues |
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Research in this area is controversial, however today there is no definitive link between brain injury and future risk of this disease. |
Alzheimer’s disease |
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Rates of this condition for all severity levels of brain injury are higher than for those without, irrespective of pre-existing conditions. |
Depression |
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What are the 10 elements of successful aging after brain injury? |
Heart health Exercise nutrition Connections using your brain Advocate mental health protect the brain socialize Avoid drugs and alcohol Brain health |
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TBI increases long term term mortality, reduces life expectancy, and is associated with a laundry list of physical symptoms that diminish quality of life and adversely impacts the aging process these may include: |
Seizures Sleep disorders Neurodegenerative diseases Neuro endocrine disorder regulation Psychiatric diseases sexual dysfunction Bladder and bowel incontinence Systemic metabolic dysregulation Dysphasia Diabetes spasticity mobility changes aspiration Acute and chronic pain |
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Brain injury is both disease __________ and disease __________, necessitating both prevention and intervention strategies. |
causative accelerative |
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Exercise has multiple benefits including the following: |
Reducing rates of heart disease, Cancer and stroke Improves respiratory fitness and balance Can reduce the risk of falls Is beneficial to mood, cognition, digestion and skin integrity reducing osteoporosis Prevention of deep vein and pulmonary thrombosis |
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Development of hobbies, work skills, and access to stimulating environment with things such as art, music, and activities of personal relevance may provide: |
Brain enrichment and satisfying interaction opportunities for caregivers and assistant in developing relationships |
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Working to reduce the following cardiovascular risk factors will also reduce the risk of developing Alzheimer’s. |
Diabetes Hypertension Adverse lipid profile Obesity |
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Stress due to poor mental health produces hormones that may actually harm the brain due to their potential toxicity to this important area. |
Hippocampus, a region of the brain responsible for forming memories. |
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Name the common factors that my create social isolation for someone with a brain injury. |
Neurocognitive elements Institutionalization Poverty Transportation |
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Alcoholism causes injury to the brain, up to and including these two profamily disabling neurologic conditions. |
Werneke’s encephalopathy and Korsakoff‘s dementia |
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What are some common ways to protect the brain and maintain brain health to reduce the risk of second impact or repeat injury syndromes? |
Helmets Seatbelts call risk assessments Prevention programs align avoiding substance misuse/abuse Providing adequate and regular sleep cycles |
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Roughly how many neurons are in the human brain? |
Over 100 billion |
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Regardless of age or time since injury this phenomenon continues to foster our brains ongoing evolution. |
Neuroplasticity |
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What is necessary for the diagnosis of dementia? |
functional limitation in everyday life due to cognitive change. |
