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56 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Describe inertia as it applies to motion.
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The willingness of an object to remain at rest or to continue is motion unless acted upon by an outside force.
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Describe acceleration as it applies to motion.
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The rate of change of the speed and/or velocity of matter with time.
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Describe speed as it applies to motion.
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The rate of movement or motion in a given amount of time. Speed is the term used when only the rate of movement is meant
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Describe velocity as it applies to motion.
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The quickness or speed of an object in a given time and direction.
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Define Newtons First Law.
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According to Newton's first law of motion (inertia), an object at rest will remain at rest, or an object in motion will continue in motion at the same speed and in the same direction, until acted upon by an outside force.
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Define Newtons Second Law.
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The second law of motion (force) states that if an object moving with uniform speed is acted upon by an external force, the change of motion, or acceleration, will be directly proportional to the amount of force and inversely proportional to the mass of the object being moved.
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Define Newtons Third Law.
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The third law of motion (action and reaction) states that for every action there is an equal and opposite reaction.
This law is demonstrated with a balloon. If you inflate a balloon and release it without securing the neck, as the air is expelled, the balloon will move in the opposite direction of the air rushing out of it. |
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Define Bernoulli's principle.
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The principle states that when a fluid flowing through a tube reaches a constriction or narrowing of the tube, the speed of the fluid passing through the constriction is increased and its pressure decreased.
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What is a small craft wind warning?
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Harbor and inland waters warning for winds, 33 knots or less, of concern to small craft. The lower threshold for issuing such warnings is set by local authority.
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What is a gale wind warning?
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Warning for harbor, inland waters, and ocean areas for winds of 34 to 47 knots.
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What is a storm wind warning?
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Warning for harbor, inland waters, and ocean areas for winds of 48 knots or greater.
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Tropical cyclone warning ; tropical depression.
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Warning for land, harbor, inland waters, and ocean areas for winds of 33 knots or less.
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Tropical cyclone warning; tropical storm.
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Warning for land, harbor, inland waters, and ocean areas for winds of 34 to 63 knots.
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Tropical cyclone warning; Hurricane/Typhoon
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Warning for land, harbor, inland waters, and ocean areas for winds of 64 knots or greater.
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Thunderstorm/tornado warnings; thunderstorm warning.
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Thunderstorms are within 3 miles of the airfield, or in the immediate area.
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Thunderstorm/tornado warnings; severe thunderstorm warning.
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Thunderstorms with wind gusts to 50 knots or greater and/or hail of 3/4 inch in diameter or greater is forecast to impact the warning area.
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Thunderstorm/tornado warnings; tornado warning.
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Tornadoes have been sited or detected by RADAR in or adjacent to the warning area, or have a strong potential to develop in the warning area.
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Define Lift.
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The force that acts, in an upward direction, to support the aircraft in the air. It sounteracts the effects of weight. Lift must be greater than or equal to weight if flight is to be sustained.
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Define Weight.
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The force of gravity acting downward on the aircraft and everything on the aircraft.
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Define Thrust.
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The force developed by the aircraft's engine, and it acts in the forward direction. Thrust must be greater than or equal to the effects of drag in order for flight to begin or be sustained.
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Define Drag.
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The force that tends to hold an aircraft back. Drag is caused by the disruption of the air about the wings, fuselage or body, and all protruding objects on the aircraft. Drag resists motion.
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Define Longitudinal axis
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An imaginary reference line running down the center of the aircraft between the nose and tail. The axis about which roll occurrs.
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Define Lateral axis
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An imaginary reference line running parallel to the wings and about which pitch occurrs.
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Define Vertical axis
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An imaginary reference line running from the top to the bottom of the aircraft. The movement associated with this axis is yaw.
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What are the primary movements of the aircraft about the axis.
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Yaw, pitch and roll.
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Identify and state the purpose of the primary flight controls for fixed wing aircraft.
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The ailerons provide control about the longitudinal axis, the elevators provide control about the lateral axis, and the rudder provides control about the vertical axis.
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Identify and state the purpose of the primary flight controls for rotary wing aircraft.
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The collective stick controls the pitch of the rotor blades which translates to "up and down". The cyclic stick tilts the plane of the rotor blades forward, aft or sideways, giving the helicopter its directional motion. Lateral control is provided using the foot pedals to control the blades on the tail rotor.
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State the purpose of flaps.
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Gives the aircraft extra lift. The purpose is to reduce the landing speed, thereby shortening the length of the landing rollout. They also facilitate landing in small or obstructed areas by permitting the gliding angle to be increased without greatly increasing the approach. The use of flaps during takeoff serves to reduce the length of the takeoff run. Some flaps are hinged to the lower trailing edges of the wings inboard of the ailerons.
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State the purpose of the spoiler.
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Used to decrease wing lift. However, the specific design, function, and use vary with different aircraft. On some aircraft, the spoilers are long narrow surfaces, hinged at their leading edge to the upper surfaces of the wings. In the retracted position, they are flush with the wing skin. In the raised position, they greatly reduce wing lift by destroying the smooth flow of air over the wing surfaces.
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State the purpose of speed brakes.
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Hinged or moveable control surfaces used for reducing the speed of aircrft. On some aircraft, they are hinged to the sides or bottom of the fuselage; on others they are attached to the wings. They keep the speed from building too high in dives. They are also used to slow the speed of the aircraft prior to landing.
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State the purpose of slats.
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Slats are movable control surfaces attached to the leading edge of the wing. When the slat is retracted, it forms the leading edge of the wing. When open, or extended forward, a slot is created between the slat and the wing leading edge.
High-energy air is introduced into the boundary layer over the top of the wing. |
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State the purpose of the horizontal stabalator.
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Provides stability of the aircraft about its lateral axis. This is longitudinal stability. It serves as the base to which the elevators are attached. On some high-performance aircraft, the entire vertical and/or horizontal stabilizer is a movable airfoil.
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State the purpose of the vertical stabalator.
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Maintains the stability of the aircraft about its vertical axis. This is known as directional stability. The vertical stabilizer usually serves as teh base to which the rudder is attached.
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Satate the purpose of the tail rotor.
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Mounted vertically on the outer portion of the helicopter's tail section. The tail rotor counteracts the torque action of the main rotor by producing thrust in the opposite direction. The tail rotor also controls the yawing action of the helicopter.
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What does the term "angle of attack" mean?
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The angle at which a body, such as an airfoil or fuselage, meets a flow of air. Defined as the angle between the chord line of the wing (an imaginary straight line from the leading edge to the trailing edge of the wing) and the relative wind. The relative wind is the direction of the airstream in relationship to the wing.
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Explain the term autorotation.
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A method of allowing a helicopter to land safely from altitude without using engine power by making use of the reversed airflow up through the rotor system to reduce the rate of descent.
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State the basic components of a hydraulic system.
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A reservoir, pump, tubing, a selector valve and an actuating unit.
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Describe the following engine systems; Turbojet.
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Projects a column of air to the rear at an extremely high velocity. The resulting effect is to propel the aircraft in the opposite or forward direction.
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Describe the following engine systems; Turboshaft.
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Delivers power through a shaft to drive something other than a propeller. The power take off may be coupled directly to the engine, but in most cases it is driven by it's own free turbine located in the exhaust stream that operates independently on the engine.
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Describe the following engine systems; Turboprop.
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Propulsion is accomplished by the conversion of the majority of the gas-energy into mechanical power to drive a propeller. This is done by the addition of more turgine stages. Only a small amount of jet thrust is obtained on a turbo prop engine.
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Describe the following engine systems; Turbofan.
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Basically the same as a turbo prop except that the propeller is replaced by a duct-enclosed axial-flow fan. The fan can be part of the first stage compressor or mounted as a separate set of fan blades driven by an independent turbine depending on the fan design, it will produce somewhere around 50 percent of the engine's total thrust.
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JP4-NATO Code F-40
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Has a flamespread rate of 700-800 feet per minute and a low flashpoint of -10 degrees F or -23 degrees C. Never used on ships. Use of JP4 will normally cause an engine to operate with a lower exhaust gas temperature (EGT), slower acceleration, and lower engine RPM.
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JP5-NATO Code F-44
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Has a flamespread rate of 100 feet per minute, and a flashpoint of 140 degrees F or 60 degrees C. JP-5 is the only approved fuel for use aboard naval vessels. The lowest flashpoint considered safe for use aboard naval vessels is 140 degrees F. This is the Navy's primary jet fuel.
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JP8-NATO Code F-34
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Has a flamespread rate of 100 feet per minute, and a flashpoint of 100 degrees F or 40 degrees C.
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Describe the 3 hazards associated with jet fuel.
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Explosion from fuel fumes, vapor inhalation, and toxic contact with skin, eyes, or swallowing can cause illness or death.
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Describe the symptoms of fuel vapor inhalation
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The symptoms include nausea, dizziness, and headaches. Fuel vapor inhalatin can cause death.
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Identify the reasons for and methods of Non-Destructive Inspection (NDI)
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It is essential that defects be found and corrected before they reach catastrophic proportion. NDI can provide 100 percent sampling with no affect to the use of the part or system being inspected. Methods used may include visual, optical, liquid penetrant, magnetic particle, eddy current, ultrasonic, radiographic, etc.
NDI is the practice of evaluating a part or sample of material without impairing its future usefullness |
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What does RADAR stand for?
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Raido Detection and Ranging
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What is the purpose of a bomb?
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Any weapon other than a torpedo, mine, rocket or missile, dropped from an aircraft. Bombs are free-falling explosive weapons and may be unguided or "smart" or guided.
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What is the purpose of a rocket?
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A weapon contraining an explosive section and a propulsion section. A rocket is unable to change its direction of movement once fired. It can be launched from an aircraft without the need of heavy or complex gun platforms and without violent recoil. Since rockets are usually launched at close range, it's accuracy as a propelled projectile is higher than that of a free-falling bomb dropped, from high altitude.
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What is the purpose of a missile?
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A vehicle containing an explosive section, propulsion section, and guidance section. A missile is able to change direction or movement after being fired. Missiles are classified according to their range, speed, launch environment, mission and vehicle type.
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What is the purpose of a mine?
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An underwater explosive put into position by surface ships, submarines, or aircraft. A mine explodes only when a target comes near or in contact with it. Their primary objective is to effectively defend or control vital straits, port approaches, convoy anchorages and seaward coastal barriers.
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What is the purpose of torpedoes?
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Self-propelled underwater missiles used against surface and underwater targets. Torpedoes are the primary weapon employed in antisubmarine warfare. They are designed to search, detect, attack and destroy submarines and surface ships.
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What does voltage mean?
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The "driving force" behind current. Voltage, as applied to Ohm's Law, can be stated to be the base value in determining unknown circuit values. Designated by the letter (E).
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What does current mean?
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The flow of electrons. Ohm's Law states that current is directly proportional to the applied voltage and inversely proportional to the circuit resistance. Designated by the letter (I).
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What does resistance mean?
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The opposing force to the flow of electrons. As stated in Ohm's Law, current is inversely proportional to resistance. This means, as the resistance in a circuit increases, the current decreases proportionally. Designated by the letter (R).
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