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37 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are the three
objectives of first aid? |
Prevent:
further injury Infection the loss of life |
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What are the 8 fundamental
elements of First Aid? |
Bleeding, Burns, Fractures
Electric Shock Obstructed airways Heat related injuries Cold weather injuries Shock |
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What are the four
methods to control bleeding? |
Direct Pressure
Elevation Pressure points tourniquet (last resort) |
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What is a pressure point?
|
Point on the body where
a main artery lies near the skin surface and over a bone. |
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What are the 11
principal pressure points? |
1
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How many principal
pressure points are located on the body? |
11 on each side of the body
22 total |
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How many classifications
of burns? |
First degree
Second degree Third Degree |
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Symptoms of First
degree burns: |
Redness, warmth
and mild pain |
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Symptoms of Second
degree burns: |
Red blistered skin
severe pain |
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Symptoms of Third
degree burns: |
Destroys tissue, skin
and bone in severe cases. Absence of pain due to destroyed nerve endings. |
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What are the two
types of fractures? |
closed/simple
open/compound |
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What is a closed/simple
fracture? |
Broken bone w/o
break in skin |
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What is a open/compound
fracture? |
Break in skin with
possible bone protrusion |
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What is electric shock?
|
Shock occurring as a
result of contact with electric energy source. |
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The variety of injuries as
a result of electric shock range from? |
Little/no evidence of injury
to severe trauma with associated cardiac arrest |
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What are some indications
of an obstructed airway? |
inability to talk
grasping/pointing at throat exaggerated breathing efforts skin turning bluish color |
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What are the two types
of heat related injuries? |
Heat exhaustion
Heat stroke |
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What is heat exhaustion?
|
Disturbance of blood flow
to brain, heart, and lungs. |
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What is heat stroke?
|
Condition caused by breakdown
of sweating mechanism of body |
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Symptoms of heat exhaustion:
|
Cool, moist, clammy skin
dilated pupils normal/high body temp profusely sweating |
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Symptoms of heat stroke:
|
Hot/dry skin
uneven pupil dilation weak, rapid pulse |
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What is the cause
of heat stroke? |
Inability to eliminate
excessive body heat buildup(sweat) |
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What are the three types
of cold weather injuries? |
hypothermia
superficial frostbite deep frostbite |
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What is hypothermia?
|
general cooling of
whole body |
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What is the cause
of hypothermia? |
Exposure to
low/rapidly falling temp cold moisture snow or ice |
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Signs of hypothermia?
|
pale appearance/unconscious
Slow/shallow breathing faint/undetectable pulse Semi-rigid tissue stiff arms&legs |
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What is superficial frostbite?
|
The formation of ice crystals
in the upper layers of skin in freezing temps |
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What is deep frostbite?
|
The formation of ice crystals
in the deeper layers of skin in freezing temps |
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What is shock?
|
Insufficient blood flow throughout
body resulting from injury/illness |
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What are the five
types of shock? |
Septic
Anaphylactic Cardiogenic Hypovolemic Neurogenic |
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Septic shock is the
result of? |
Bacteria multiplying in the
blood releasing toxins |
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What are common causes
of Septic shock? |
Pneumonia
Intra-abdominal infections Meningitis |
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What is anaphylactic shock?
|
hypersensitivity or
allergic reaction |
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What is cardiogenic shock?
|
Inability of heart to supply
sufficient blood to the body after damage occurs |
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Cardiogenic shock can lead
to what end results? |
Heart attack
Congestive heart failure |
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What is hypovolemic shock?
|
The result of severe blood
and fluid loss. |
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What is neurogenic shock?
|
The result of a spinal
cord injury. |
