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66 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Who was Arcagathus?
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The first Greek doctor to go to Rome in 219 BC (Qin Dynasty). Wound surgeon became known as the Executioner.
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What are the two types of Roman medicine?
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1. Practical Medicine based on home remedies.
2. Private practitioner using Greek medical principles. |
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What are the four important pain relief plants used in Pompeii?
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opium, poppy, white mandrake, henbane.
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How did postmortem examination acquire importance in Alexander the Great's empire?
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After conquering Egypt, funerary mummification practices were incoporated.
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Who was Alexander the Great's tutor, and what was he trained in?
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Aristotle. Rhetoric, literature, science, medicine, and philosophy.
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What were the three fundamental activities of a doctor's work in Alexander the Great's empire?
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Case history, autopsy, diagnosis
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Who is the founder of human anatomy?
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Herophilus (330 BC - 260 BC - Warring States Period)
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What are some major contributions of Herophilus, the founder of human anatomy from the empire of Alexander the Great?
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-Believed the brain was the seat of consciousness
-distinguished cerebral hemispheres, -observed ventricles within the brain -figured out nerves convey movement from brain to limbs - was allowed to dissect human bodies, REVOLUTIONIZED SURGERY - practiced DISSECTING CRIMINALS -believed diseases had NATURAL CAUSES - weaning off divine intervention |
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Who is considered the first physiologist?
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Erasistratus ( 330 BC - 255 BC - warring states period)
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What are the major contributions of Erasistratus, "the first physiologist" from Alexander the Great's empire?
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-Heart as pump, saw four valves and blood flowed in one direction
-revealed heart is the origin of arteries and veins |
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What was one of the most influential influences on Health in ancient Greece and Rome?
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HYGIENE! sewer system for rich and poor with functional water supply system. Public lavatories, boom.
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What are the four major philosophical influences on Chinese medicine?
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Confuscious theory, System of Correspondences and the Natural School, Taoist Theory, Religious medicine.
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What are some basic tenets of Confuscius theory and how do they apply to Chinese medicine?
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life as relationships, strict definitions of roles to help a troubled society treat each other civilly, CLASSIFICATION and CATEGORIZATION, ancestral worship - no autopsies allowed
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What are two examples of how Confucian thought influences Chinese medicine?
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Herbs as king, minister, and assistant.
Qi as Righteous, Rebellious, Perverse, Evil |
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How do the Systems of Correspondences and Natural School affect Chinese Medicine?
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Yin-yang, Five phases, Homeopathic Magical correspondences are all part of the Nei Jing, Nan Jing, and Shan Han Lun and all classical medical texts.
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What are the 4 early Taoist influences?
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-Dao-Yin (Qi Gong)
-Cosmology - relationships between nature, stars, planets, humanity, acupuncture points have cosmological names -Alchemy -Spiritual Alchemy |
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How does Religious medicine figure into Chinese medicine?
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-Demonology
- Confessions of sins to induce "divine man of the great Tao" to enter the person - written characters reflecting cosmic relationships (Wu do the Fu) - deities in heaven or on earth reward/punish people with health |
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Who is Zhang Daling?
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Founder of the Celestial Masters School, founder of Religious Taoism
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Who is Shen Nung?
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3000 BC (Prehistoric Time) is considered the father of Chinese herbal medicine, and Chinese agriculture, leader of an ancient clan that tasted and tested hundreds of herbs
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What is the method of testing herbs employed by tribal shamans?
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Trial and Error
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True/False the Ben Cao is one book of herbs that was rigorously tested.
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FALSE! Many versions of the Ben Cao developed by hermits, shamans, families, alchemists. No confirmation or testing. No screening methods. Many different traditions with new editions including author corrections and new material.
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What is the Nei Ching?
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Internal Classic of Medicine. Basis of most medical literature in China
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What are the two books in the Nei Jing?
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Su Wen, Ling Shu
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What are the other two books referenced in the Nei Jing, but considered "Lost?"
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Tai Su, Ming Tang
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What is credited to the Ming Tang, one of the "lost books" of the Nei Ching along with Tai Su?
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Front mu points and cleft points.
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What is the Su Wen?
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Plain/Simple Questions. One book of the Nei Ching. Conversation between Huang Di (Yellow Emperor) and Qi Bo (a Tao Master).
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What are some major themes of the Su Wen (Simple Questions), the first book of the Nei Jing, the conversation between Huang Di and Qi Bo?
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-Exterior Wind attack and Wind cold, how the body responds
-Ability to deal with Change, metaphor for wind - cycles of time - seasonal, daily, monthly, yearly, astrological cycles |
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True/False: There is no tongue system in the Su Wen
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TRUE!
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There are multiple pulse methods in the Su Wen.
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True: channel pulses, seasons, month
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What is the Ling Shu?
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The Spiritual Axis/Compass. One book of the Nei Ching. A collection of work from numerous authors.
- basis of future classic texts of acupuncture -accumuation of knowledge from the zhou to ming dyansties -multiple and some even contradictory ideas |
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What dynasties does the nei Jing span?
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Zhou (1045-221 BC) to Ming (1368 AD-1644 AD), some current translators use information gathered after the Han Dynasty (206BC-220 AD)
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What does the Nei Ch(J)ing posit as the cause of one hundred diseases?
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The inability of humanity to live in harmony with the changes in our lives.
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What is the Nan Jing, and who wrote it?
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Classic of Difficulties by Bian Que, although scholars believe it is a collective effort.
- mature development of systematic correspondences - standardized the pulse - describes the circuit of Qi - adds 5 element points -develops and explains fundamental questions from the Nei Jing -lacks information on the Divergent Channels |
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What is not mentioned in the Nan Jing?
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NO DIVERGENT CHANNELS, demonology and magic
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What are some major features of the Nan Jing?
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-Standardized pulse,
-adds 5 element points, -mature development of Medicine of Systematic Correspondences -integrates knowledge into yin-yang and 5 phase doctrines - Nourishing Qi Cycle -81 chapters |
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Who wrote the Shang Han Lun?
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Zhang Zhong Jing a.k.a. Zhang Ji (150-219 AD Western Han Dynasty)
- known as the Chinese Hippocrates and Sage of Medicine |
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What is the Shang Han Lun?
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Discourse on Cold-Induced Disorders, one of the classics of CM
Systematically discusses infection disease including classic formulas Foundation of modern day TCM (herbal) |
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What are the two major works of Zhang Zhong Jing (the Chinese Hippocrates and of Sage of Medicine)?
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Shang Han Lun, Treatise of Febrile Disease Caused by Cold
Chin Kuei Yao Lueh, Prescriptions from the Golden Chamber |
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When did the Shang Han Lun become popular?
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The Ming Dynasty (1368 AD-1644 AD)
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What is the Shang Han Lun Model?
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Model for evaluating how cold induced disease moves through the body, uses six channel system as the model to identify location of the pathogen, organizes signs, symptoms, organs corresponding to herbal formulas for each pattern.
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What is the oldest text of the Shang Han Lun we currently have?
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From the Song Dynasty (960 AD - 1279 AD), Original was probably 10 volumes edited by Wang Shu-ho in 280 AD
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What are the two editions of the Shang Han Lun used today?
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Cheng Wu Ji 1144 ACE
Zhi Ping 1127 |
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What does the Shang Han Lun, written by Zhang Zhong Jing, detail?
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Progression of epidemic acute febrile disease through six levels: Tay Yang, Shao Yang, Yang Ming, Tai Yin, Shao Yin, Jue Yin - Herbal Book!
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Who is Ibn al-Nafis?
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1210-1288, he was a Great Islamic physician who headed the major hospital in Cairo.
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What was Ibn al-Nafis' major contribution to medicine?
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Identifying erros in Galen's view of blood circulation.
Presented pulmonary circulation, circular flow of blood between heart and lungs. |
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Who wrote the Pulse Classic (Mai Jing)?
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Wang Shuhe
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When was the Pulse classic, the first "textbook" of Chinese medicine, written?
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Jin Dynasty, 280 AD
by Wang Shuhe |
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What is detailed in the Pulse Classic by Wang Shuhe?
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-Pulse as we know it today
-pathology, diagnosis, pulse, acupuncture -First Comprehensive book on Acupuncture -Adds front mu and back shu points EXCEPT SJ and PC |
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The twenty-four pulses, their physiology, and pathology are systematically presented in what book?
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The Pulse Classic (Mai Jing) by Wang Shuhe
written in the Jin Dynasty, 280 AD |
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Who wrote the Jia Yi Jing or Systematic Classic of Acupuncture and Moxibustion?
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Huang-fu Mi (Jin Dynasty, 282 AD)- an alchemist turned acupuncturist. Felt the spiritual level was false or fake, strived to strip the medicine down to a purely physical level
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True/False: There is no description of the Wei Channels pathways from the Eight Extraordinary Channels in the section on Eight Extraordinary Channels in the Jia Yi Jing.
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True!
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Are there descriptions of the Wei Channels pathways from the Eight Extraordinary Channels in the section on Eight Extraodinary Channels in the Systematic Classic of Acupuncture and Moxibustion (Jia Yi Jing) written by Huang-fu Mi in the Jin Dynasty (282 AD)?
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No
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What are some significant contributions from the Jia Yi jing, Systematic Classic of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, written by Huang-fu Mi in 282 AD?
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1. Brings amount of points from 157 in the Nei Jing to 349 points
2. Introduces Cleft Points and lists many Crossing Points. Cleft points are not listed in the Nei Jing 3. Adds FM and BS of SJ 4. Adds 91 crossing points |
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What is a major difference between the Nei Jing (Internal Classic of Medicine comprised of Su Wen and Ling Shu) and the Jia Yi Jing (Systematic Classic of Acupuncture and Moxibustion by Huang-fu Mi 282 AD)
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Jia Yi Jing is the beginning of TCM, organizes medicine in packaged form whereas Nei Jing provides guidance for channels so the practitioner must devise a unique treatment for each person
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When is the Ming Dynasty?
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1368-1644
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When is the Qing (Manchu) Dynasty?
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1644-1911
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What is the first text to describe the 8 extraordinary vessels?
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Zhen Jiu Da Quan 1439 by Xu Feng
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What is the Zhen Jiu Da Quan?
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A complete collection of Acupuncture and Moxibustion written in 1439 by Xu Feng
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What are the Ling Gui Ba Fa and Zi Wu Liu Zhu?
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Time based Acupuncture methods made popular by the Zhen Jiu Da Quan, written by Xu Feng in 1439
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Who is Xu Feng?
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Legendary physician and author of Zhen Jiu Da Quan, a complete collection of Acupuncture and Moxibustion.
-presented methods of how to use the 8 extraordinary channels |
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Who is Li Shizhen?
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One of the most influential Chinese Medical physicians - Ming Dynasty
-wrote Bin Hu Mai Xue (Pulse Studies of the Lakeside Mater) 1564 -wrote Ben Cao Cang Mu (Grand Materia Medica) 1578 |
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What is the Great Materia Medica?
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Written by Li Shizhen in 1578
- complete classification of system of herbs including descriptions, flavors, indications, contraindications, functions -50 volumes, 1892 herbs -most celebrated pre-modern herbal book -1892 entries from plants, animals minerals -summary of herbal experience and knowledge accumulated before Li Shizhen's time |
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What contribution did Li Shen Zhen, author of Pulse Studies and Grand Materia Medica make to the 8 extraordinary channels?
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Added KD 2 to Yin Qiao Channel, added GB 29 to the Yang Wei Channel
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Who is Paracelsus?
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Swiss Physician 1493-1541 (Ming Dynasty)
-described the Doctrine of Signatures (Systems of Correspondence!) yellow plant to cure jaundice -Chemist view of pathology -alchemist -indicated specific remedies for specific diseases -devised a chemical basis of disease -used opium as laudanum -understood ether! |
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Ambroise Pare
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1509-1590 (Ming Dynasty)
Father of modern surgery - doctor to Charles IX and Henry III - Great surgeon of the Renaissance -army in wartime, sick and poor of Paris in peacetime - Recommended LIGATION - may have been the FIRST PERSON TO TIE AN ARTERY |
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Vesalius
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1514-1564 (Ming Dynasty)
Founder of Modern Antatomy SHIFT FROM GALENIC ANATOMY TO MODERN OCCIDENTAL ANATOMY Humani Corporis Fabricis - Medicine + Dissection -Brussels -teacher of medicine -Studied at dissection table |
