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8 Cards in this Set

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This name, an acronym for Rabbi Israel ben Eliezer, Baal Shem Tov (Master of the Good Name), suggests the charismatic power associated with this leader and putative founder of Polish Hasidism. During his life (1700-1760) the Hasidic movement developed and became a potent element in eastern European Judaism.
BESHT
This acronym, standing for the mystical values of Hesed, Binah, and Daat (loving-kindness, understanding, and knowledge) refers to the Lubavitch dynasty of Polish Hasidism (named for the town in which it began), which has had a profound influence on Judaism in the United States and modern Israel.
Chabad/HaBaD
An interpretative device in rabbinic Judaism that focuses on the numerical value of each letter and word.
Gematria
(Heb., “pious ones”). The term may refer to Jews in various periods: (1) a group that resisted the policies of Antiochus Epiphanes in the 2nd century BCE at the start of the Maccabean revolt; (2) pietists in the 13th century; (3, most common) followers of the movement of ________ founded in the first half of the 18th century by Israel Baal Shem Tov.
Hasidim, Hasidism
(Heb = "receiving, tradition"). A system of Jewish theosophy and mysticism.
Kabala(h) or Kabbala(h)
Heb., qabbala,
This term refers to traditionalist Jews who opposed the mystical movement of Polish Hasidism when it developed in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries.
Mitnagdim
Uses the same alphabet as Hebrew but is a blend of Hebrew and several European languages, primarily German. _______ was the vernacular of East European and Russian Jews.
Yiddish
Also called teshubot, from shelot uteshuvot (questions and answers); answers to questions on halakah and observances, given by Jewish scholars on topics addressed to them. ________ literature originated during the geonic period, and is still used as a means of modern updating and revising of halakah.
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