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26 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
prehistory
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the period before writing was developed
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archaeology
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the study of past societies through an analysis of the items people left behind them
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artifact
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tools, pottery, paintings, weapons, buildings, and household items left behind by early people
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anthropology
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the study of human life and culture based on artifacts and human fossils
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fossil
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a remnant or impression of an organism from a past geologic age that has been preserved in the earth’s crust
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hominid
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humans and other humanlike creatures that walk upright
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Australopithecus
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the earliest humanlike creature that flourished in eastern and southern Africa 3 to 4 million years ago
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Homo sapiens sapiens
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“wise, wise human,” a species that appeared in Africa between 150,000 and 200,000 years ago; they were the first anatomically modern humans
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"out-of-Africa" theory
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also called the replacement theory; this theory refers to when homo sapiens sapiens began spreading out of Africa to other parts of the world about 100,000 years ago and replacing populations of earlier hominids in Europe and Asia
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theory
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hypothesis or unproved assumption
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survive
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to remain alive or in existence
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Paleolithic Age
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“Old Stone Age;” used to designate the early period of human history in which humans used simple stone tools
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systematic agriculture
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the keeping of animals and the growing of food on a regular basis
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domestication
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adaption for human use
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artisan
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a skilled worker who makes products such as weapons and jewelry
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culture
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the way of life a people follows
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civilization
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a complex culture in which large numbers of people share a number of common elements such as social structure, religion, and art
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monarch
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a king or queen who rules a kingdom by organizing armies to protect their populations and making laws to regulate subjects’ lives
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priest
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in early urban civilizations, an important and powerful person who supervised rituals aimed at pleasing the gods and goddesses
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revolution
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a sudden, complete change; an overthrow of government
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role
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a socially expected behavior pattern
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Neolithic Revolution
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“New Stone;” occurred after the end of the last Ice Age (c. 8000 BC), considered the shift from the hunting of animals and the gathering of food to the keeping of animals and the growing of food on a regular basis
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Mesoamericans
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inhabitants of present-day Mexico and Central America
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Çatalhüyük
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farming village located in modern-day Turkey; very large community covering 32 acres (probably had about 6000 inhabitants)
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Bronze Age
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widespread use of bronze (c. 3000 BC to 1200 BC)
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Iron Age
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followed the Bronze Age—after about 1000 BC, the use of iron tools and weapons became common
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