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39 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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China's music is mainly focused on |
melody. Rhythm serves the melody |
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dynastries tried to unify through |
mandarin |
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Silk Road |
trade route all across asia |
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Gu quin
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-confuscious era about harmony - plucked zither Chordophone - wide variety of timbres (ways to create sound) - individual interpretation with composed pieces - amatuer vs professionals |
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Civil service exam |
- you would play the gu quin and if you passed you would be part of the government |
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silk and bamboo |
-aerophone & chordophone - South Yangtze river and city of shanghai - compsed pieces from limited repertoire (intended for performer usually doesn't have audience) -Same melody with improvised ornamentation - heterophone - phonice structure with simultaneous variation of one melodic line |
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mid house pavillion |
tee house middle of lake to be discussing what silk and bamboo music to play with a level of just chordophones and aerophones |
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Chinese iNSTRUMENT classification |
- gourd - skin - silk - bamboo - wood - aerophone, idiophones - metal (gong) - idiophone - stone - lithopone, xylophone - earth/clay - aerophone |
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dizi |
Aerophone - fat body with finger hole flute. thin film to make buzzing noise. nasal sound in the bamboo category |
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Xiao |
Aerophone - bamboo - delicate |
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Sheng |
aerophone, hollow gourd, can play multiple pitches simultaneously |
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erhu |
chrodophone bow lute - python skin and horse hair. er = 2 strings hu = barbarian |
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pipa
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lute chordophone. 4 strings solo instrument
"martial pieces" named after historical battle |
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sanxian |
chordophone - silk, ensembles |
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yue qin |
chordophone - "moon lute" silk, short body |
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yang qin |
chordophone - with with sticks but ZITHER chinese traditional instrument music. also can accompany |
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suona |
aerophone double reed |
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gu zheng |
zither chordophone, plucked. (girl association with gender) |
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Minyue |
- style of the classical chinese traditional instruments with western influence - 19th century, in conservatories, western music was taught, causing chinese traditional music to be rivals modelling along the european idea - composed, no heterophony, -on a national level broadly accepted - when communism came to power, chinese music was highly popular to promote nationalism |
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minzu yinyue guovue |
- music of the people - muic of the nation |
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4. Beijing Opera |
instrumentation: 1. Singers 2. Small instrumental ensemble: 1. civil - Melodic players, leader loudest player = jing hu 2. Military - gongs, drums, wooden clappers, etc. Guban is a wooden clapper - Listened by UNESCO as an intangible cultural heritage |
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5. Revolutionary Beijing Opera |
- Associated during "Cultural Revolution" with Chairman Mao Zedong; much chinese cultures were banned and destroyed including the opera - only 5 were permitted to stay as they fit the communist propaganda - Jiang qing --> his wife edited most of the operas: 8 mode: 2 ballet, 1 symphony, 5 opera. --> modern costumes --> realistic set and props, western style music --> portray of political enemies --> western orchestra complimented by chinese instruments |
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sichuan Opera |
- freer less constrained singing - more like a play with polished actin - face changing (white = not trustworthy) (black = virtuous), fire spitting, beard changing, sword hiding |
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7. buddhist ritual music |
2 categories: secular or religious (ceremonial or ritual) ceremonial has three sections for the public to come and worship: 1. melody that embodies prayer 2. sutra recitation - ancient writing is sung 3. hymn - musical song sung by everyone in congregation Ritual - monks 1. chanting in tibetan or sanskrit 2. dong chen trumpets - aerophone (represents an elephant aka power) 3. drums and cymbals - supposed to repel evil spirits |
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Tibetan Secular Music is divided into 3 categories: |
- folk songs - gesar epic - longest literary work ever, story telling through ballads - theatre: long standing warrior culture. |
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Ughur Mukam |
Xinjang Province - closely connected with central asia, predominantly muslim, |
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Urtyn Duu (Long Song)
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Short amount of text that is drawn out for a long priod of time.
- solo singer accompanied by an instrument |
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Morin Khuur |
- long chordophone - lute - strings made of HORSE hair - instruments just echo the singer - *silk road related to the Erhu - on humor, philosophy, legend, love. - arch shaped vocal melody, 3-4 long arches (climax of melisma,) then back down |
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Melismatic and Syllabic text setting |
- syllabic is one note per syllable and melismatic is multiple notes for one lyric. |
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Koomii (Throat Singing)
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- overtone singing --> creating a whistling sound with your voice and changing the vowel shape of your mouth
2 pitches at once: the fundamental singing pitch at the bottom and the dominant overtone of the multiple pitches top. * meant to harness supernatural powers within rocks rivers and meant to sound similar to the that spiritual energy. |
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Korean |
- Preservation and respect for the past. |
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P'ansori Karrative |
- Story telling genre. a korean narrative vocal performance featuring epic length stories - drummer: puk - 5 compositions created no alterations - emotionally and physically taxing therefore infrequent |
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Japan` |
rich tradition of arts, isolated culturally, very little influence of other external influences. |
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12. Sankyoku |
Chamber music - free rhythm - 3 main instruments and a vocalist - strictly notated - call and response passages - song is based on a poppy (young beautiful, women old ugly) - *MINIMAL* and instruments are vary cared for as they are expensive *NOT FOR AUDIENCE |
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Shakuhachi |
Bamboo flute |
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Koto |
ZIther chordophone *silkroad: chinese Gu zheng |
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Shamisen |
Plucked chordophone lute? *silkroad: chinese Sanxian |
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Shakuhachi zen Buddhists |
Ronin - unemployed samurai ma- refers to empty space - Tokugawa period. Military class shogun was in power and it was a caste system of 1. samauri, fishermen, craftsmen and merchants. but because the caste system was strict in instilling peace and stability, they weren't allowed to be and do anything else as farmers etc, so these barriers took up religious orders as zen buddhists monks and carried around foo bowls. They were impoverished and realized that breathing puts you in a meditative state. The composed repertoire and memorized pieces out of the flute ** not meant for audience |
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Kabuki |
Popular music theatre formed by japan's middle class in 18th century. - middle class :craftsmen and merchants.... samaurai would often disguise themselves to see these. - Poetic dance meant to tell a story. - all men, women are servants |
