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73 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Edo Period
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1600-1868
- many aspects of Japanese "modern society" established - named after capital in Tokyo - where warrior government was situated - war lords - Shogun - ideology of regime was Confucian |
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Shi
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- part of the four classes of Edo Japan
- all four classes are: shi, no, ko, sho - officials class - supposed to be the models of morality |
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No
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- part of the four classes of Edo Japan
- all four classes are: shi, no, ko, sho - farmers class - Confucian economics emphasized agriculture - poorest class - rice- source of currency - the prositute in the play, most likely from farmer class |
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Ko
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- part of the four classes of Edo Japan
- all four classes are: shi, no, ko, sho - craftspeople class - carpenters, doctors, etc. |
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Sho
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- part of the four classes of Edo Japan
- all four classes are: shi, no, ko, sho - merchants class - no inherant worth in Confucian values - at same time, really the wealthiest - enormous influence b/c of wealth - b/c wealthiest ppl at the bottom of the social class, leads to social order's collapse (contradiction b/w Confucian social system and Capitalist) |
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Chonin
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***
- townspeople - used for the last two social classes- the merchants and the craftsmen- in the Confucian- based social system of the Japanese Edo Period - popular urban culture flourished because of them - hyper consumersim - fashion, department stores |
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Akusho
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- "bad places"
- In Edo Period, with Confucian government which does not think of acting or prostitution as productive segments of society - blocked off certain contained area for these activities - people could engage in nagusami |
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Nagusami
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- controlled release
- In Edo Period, supposed to be place where citizen's excess energy can be channeled and diverted - carefuly self contained and set apart from the rest of the social order - Akusho- place where citizens can engage in nagusami |
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Yukaku
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- "pleasure quarters"
- place where citizens can engage in nagusami - Also a place where the genders, different social classes could mix -- theater brought them all together |
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Tsu
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- "savoir faire" or "hipness"
- seen in Edo Japan through getting the attentions of most famous courtesan, fashion, street jargon, knowing latest actors and plays - alternative system of values from Confucian government - put lowest people in social order on top- Chonin - Top of social order in Yukaku |
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Bunraku
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- puppet theater
- often the most popular form of theater in the Edo Period - three components: puppets, music (Shamisen), and chanting - Chikamatsu Monzaemon example of Bunkraku |
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Shamisen
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- Japanese stringed instrument
- used to provide the music for the Bunraku puppets |
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Joruri
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- chanting in the Bunraku
- one of the three aspects of the puppet play - said by a tayu, or chanter |
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Taiyu
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- chanter in the Japanese plays
- chanter sings the whole play- a major part - chanter often co wrote plays |
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Kabuki
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- supposed to be "wild" play
- government tried to control (shaving heads, not allowing women to be on the stage) - in many plays, go to prostitute house- kind of how-to-guide for being hip - founder was a woman who went on stage and drove people crazy |
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Wagoto
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- "gentle style"
- style of play where townsman falls in love with prostitute, and then many difficulties - Chikamatsu Monzaemon this kind of play - man is soft and women decides everything - contrasted to Aragoto ("rough style") |
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Jidai Mono
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- history plays
- set in previous historical periods - usually involve warriors - alluded to contemporary historical events, as in Edo period plays criticizing regime were banned - vs. sewa mono (domestic contemporary dramas) |
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Aragoto
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- "rough style"
- bold, masculine plays - swashbucklers main people - contrasted to wagoto style |
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Sewa Mono
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- domestic contemporary dramas
- vs. Jidai Mono - usually based on events of the time - usually violent- murders or double love suicides |
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Shinjumono
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- double love suicides
- Chikamatsu Monzaemon an example |
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Chikamatsu Monzaemon
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- author of the play
- wrote musical scores and speech for puppet theater - initially involved in kabuki - developed Sewa mono plays-- one act play in three scenes - realistic plays, w/o fantastic elements of historical plays - jitsuji- realism- thinks more importatns in plays -- people use the language they would use (if fisherman, speak like fisherman) |
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Jitsuji
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- realism
- in plays - Chikamatsu Monsazemon thought was very important in the plays -- people use the language they would use (if fisherman, speak like fisherman) |
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Giri
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- Confucian social obligations
- vs. Ninjo (human passions/ feelings, those aspects that are natureal to being who are) - in plays, often a conflict between these two things - create souce of interest/empathy in plays |
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Ninjo
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- human's passions/ feelings, those aspects that are natureal to being who are
- vs. Giri (Confucian social obligations) - in plays, often a conflict between these two things - create souce of interest/empathy in plays |
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Shinju Ten No Amijima
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- Love Suicides at Amijima
- written by Chikamatsu Monzaemon - originally as puppet play - based on real-life scandal only a month before the play - Ten No Ami- "Heaven's net" --describes how everything caught in heaven, and also i fshow faith in Amida Buddha, hope to be reborn in the Pure Land - play about what Confucian calls the "lesser man" (Shaoren) --> main character - gives marginal social groups more dignity (women, merchants) ...same moral worth as a samurai, suicide not matter as much to social class |
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Meiji Period
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- 1868-1912 Japan
- Westernization - First EA country to do so - colonies in Taiwan and Korea |
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Nation-state
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- subjects share same language, identity, and history
-vs. regional identities - one of necessitites of modern statee |
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Kindai jiga
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- modern self
- self not change identity depending on the context, like Confucian model - led to greater equality - equal access to education, opportunitites - Meiji Japan |
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Risshin shusse
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- advancing in the world through individual effort
- slogan that explained the emphasis on the individual in the effort to modernize and westernize Japan during the Meiji Period |
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Genbun'itchi
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- unification of spoken and written languages
- movement to create a vernacular written language - need efficient means of communication, education system, way to translate from foreign languages - make sure language not an impediment to modernization - need an objective form of language |
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Kazoku kokka
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***
- "family state" - created in the Meiji Era 1890 - the Emperor is the father - preserved the hierarchical nature of Japanese society - changes after WWII with new constitution - women given full legal rights, emperor (the father-figure) humanized --> big change to many, new model of masculinity and power |
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Tsuobouchi Shoyo
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- man who was at forefront to modernize Japanese literature during the Meiji Era
- translated Western works - early pioneer of genbun'itchi - writer and playwright - first Japanese person to articulate a concept of modern Japanese lit |
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Shosetsu suino
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- "Essence of the Novel"
- advocated realism - first to call for production of modern literature - urges peers to emulate what says is superor lit of the West - argues superior, modern lit is an essential part of being a modern, Westernized nation - essential contribution to national identities |
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Shosetsu
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- "small talk"
- idea of a novel - shared sense of belonging to a nation during the Meiji Period - instinct vs. social norms - overturn idea that novels just for pasttime- novel used to express and explore more serious aspects of human life |
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Shizenshugi
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- "Japanese nationalism"
- Naturalism- sordid, unpleasant aspect of modern life; way of dealing with unsavory aspects of self, natural (not nec accepted by society) - Raw confessions - has to do with modern self- self that has base sexual desires that have to be expressed or controlled |
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Shishosetsu
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- "I-novel"
- type of novel that developed during Meiji Period in Japan - predominant form of lit - devoted to defining what the self is |
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Mori Ogai
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- doctor, translator, poet
- interested in European lit - believes lit should reproduce emotional/spiritual domain -- therefore believed lit as important as medicine - I-novel, historical stories- - created first-person recollection, temporal gap in stories |
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Maihime
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- account of romance between German dance and Japanese man
- eventually man chooses his career over her-- national duty - precursur to confessional I-novel - argues for necessity of nationality rather than cosmopolitanism - Mori Ogai - created first-person recollection, temporal gap in stories |
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Wusi yundong
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- May Fourth Movement
- May 4, 1919 - key to understanding birth of modern, antiempirialist movmnt - upsurge of Chinese nationalism - end result: rebirth of society that eventually fueled communism - resulted from dissatisfaction with the Versailles Treaty - Students/ intellectuals gathered in Tianneman Square - to many, proof that Confucianism not making China strong - brought sense that China as a nation was not respected in the league of nations |
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New Culture Movement
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- 1915
- broad program to change Chinese society - intention of individual freedom, culture - modernizing language and lit important |
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Baihua
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- vernacular Chinese
- intended to allow people with little education to read texts, articles, books, etc. - seen as essential in aspects of modern state (mass communication) - immediate aftermath of May 4th Movement |
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Lu Xun
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- founder of modern Chinese vernacular lit
- works exherted substantial influence - translator, editor, critic, essayist - concerned with what sees as traditional Chinese mentality, that stands in the way of modernizing - wnat to "cure spiritual ills rather than physical illnesses" - criticizes social problems in China - individual given more emphasis thatn collective social norms - wrote "A Madman's Diary" - typical themes: the loner in the crowd, the questionable narrator, the conflict b/w tradition and modernity (with no clear winner), callousness of human beings |
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Kuangren Riji
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- "A Madman's Diary" 1918
- written by Lu Xun - cannibalism- how outdated values eat away at the person - gripped by fear of everyone - reversal of Confucian model (does not trust family) - at end "save the children"- postive slogan at end? - typical themes: the loner in the crowd, the questionable narrator, the conflict b/w tradition and modernity (with no clear winner), callousness of human beings |
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Mao Dun
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- contradiction: chief element in a lot of his writing
- criticized Chinese Nationalist Party - worked to help establish the communist party |
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Kuomintang
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- Chinese Nationalist Party
- opposite to Chinese communist party - capitalist ideology - focused on more Westernize aspects of nation |
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Chunchan
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- "Spring Silkworms"
- written by Mao Dun - set during the Japanese invasion of China - in face of imperialism and feudalism- destroying the peasantry - central irony: the harder you work, the worse the results are - tragic hero - implied criticism: peasant's attitudes, deluded character who thinks he is making his own decisions - criticism of tradition |
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Early Choson
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- period in Korean history
- 1392-1600 |
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Middle Choson
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- period in Korean history
- 1600-1876 |
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Late Choson
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- period in Korean history
- 1876-1910 |
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Subjugation and supression period of Korean history
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- 1910-1919
- Japanese colonial rulers supress - March 1, 1919 great Korean independent movement |
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"Enlightened Administration"
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- 1920-1931
- Japanese make public announcement about how going to liberalize thier administration (facade) - Allow Koreans to publish own newspaper - ppl argue for own sense of Korean literature |
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Japanization and Industrialization
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- period in Korean history
- 1932-1945 - militarization intensified - Manchuria incident |
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Yi Hyo-Sok
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- Korean writer
- wrote "Buckwheat Season" - member of Korean Proletariat artist's federation (became a Communist organization) - members regarded literature as a weapon to use against class structure |
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Club of Nine Men
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- Korean group formed as a reaction to the Korean Proletarian Artists Federation
- embraced lit as "pure art" - Yi Hyo-Sok also member of |
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Korean Proletarian Artists Federation
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- Yi Hyo- Sok a member of
- becomes a Communist organization - members regarded literature as a weapon to use against class structure |
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Yi Sang
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- 1910-1937
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Kim Hae-Gyong
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- wrote "Wings"
- member of "Club of Nine Men" |
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Minzokushugi
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- ethnically based nationalist identity
- vs. kokuminshugi (nationalism as citizenship) |
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Kokuminshugi
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- nationalsim as citizenship
- vs. Minzokushugi - dabates- people said that the reason for Japansese militarism was the difference between minzokushugi and kokuminshugi - have to think of self as humans, rather than Japanese |
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ANPO
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- U.S.- Japan Security Treaty
- riots/ demonstrations by students/ intellectuals - overlapping with the Vietnam War - led people to think about relationship with the US - turning point in attitudes towards America - was signed |
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Senryo jidai
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- occupation period of Japan after WWII
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General Douglas MacArthur
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- After WWII Japan
- in charge of occupation government in Japan |
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Oe Kenzaburo
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- dealt with ideas of postwar male subject
- concerned with meaning of being a Japanese (male) - one standard for right and wrong - Sartrean existentialism - * broke with the I-novel tradition- sexuality squashes the self in these books (rather than in I-novel bookis where supposed to make self expression possible) - wrote "Sheep" |
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Ningen no hitsuji
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- "Sheep"
- written by Oe Kenzaburo |
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XYZ
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- seen in "Sheep" by Oe Kenzaburo
- X- protagonist of story - Y- female prostitute, sometimes male figure of authority, ultimately have more power over X, yet answerable to Z - Z- American, usually male - crisis over masculine identity, self-worth, and empowerment |
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May 4th Era
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- War-lord era in Chinese history
- many intellectuals and students seeking answer as to why China so weak - concluded that was the Confucian culture (ancient, hierarchic, supressive to the individual)] - replace ancient values with modern ones |
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The Long March
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- one- year trek over some of most rugged terrain in China
- Done by Mao and communists - fundamental to communists' win in China - in contrast to corruption of Nationalist party |
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Rectification
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- Mao- attempts to unify party and army behind common sense of ideas
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"Talks at the Yenan Forum"
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- trying to say art and literature are a political element- Mao
- reflect a class stand - lit must serve the people and the revolution - how do this? write about issues in ways that people can understand - got rid of opposition within the party - unified party members |
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Liu Shogi
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- contrasting idea with Mao, yet part of the PRC
- believed socialism can wait, first need to get economy going - invest in heavy industry |
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Mao
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- believed in communalized agriculture
- as opposed to Liu Shogi - modernity and revolution should take place at once - mistrust of institutions like party and state |
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"Correct Handling of Contradictions Among the People"
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- Mao
- two kinds: between people, and w/ people and the enemy |
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The Great Leap Forward
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- starvation of between 15-40 million people
- attempt to modernize - continuation of conflict b/w Mao and Liu Shagoi |
