Earth's Structure

Front 1

Name the 5 processes that change the earth's surface.

Back 1

Earth's interior
Earth's crust moves
Mountain formation
Volcanoes
Earthquakes

Front 2

Describe the Earth's interior.

Back 2

1. It has 3 layers: crust, mantle, core
2. We live on the crust. It's very thin.
3. The mantle is beneath the crust.
4. Core is the center. Hottest, but solid.

Front 3

Describe how the Earth's crust moves.

Back 3

1. Plates slowly push together, pull apart, and slide past each other.
2. Earth's surface is broken into plates.
3. There are 12 plates that fit together like a jigsaw puzzle.
4. Huge plates float/move as the mantle moves.
PET H

Front 4

Describe mountain fomation.

Back 4

1. The crust folds, cracks, bends, or collides to make mts.
2. Oceanic plates collide with continental plates. The continental plates (lighter) move up over the heavier oceanic plates.
3. When plates pull apart magma mends the gap and creates a mountain.
4. Sometimes mts. form in middle of plates.
TOWS

Front 5

Describe volcanoes (a mountain).

Back 5

1. Formed by lava and ash.
2. Lava--magma that reaches Earth's surface.
3. Ash--small pieces of hardened lava.
4. Formed when an oceanic plate collides with a continental plate.
5. Can form in the middle of plates when magma melts a hole in the plate.
CALFF

Front 6

Describe earthquakes.

Back 6

1. Seismographs measure the strength of earthquakes.
2. Very common: about 1 million a year.
3. Faults--places where pieces of the crust move.
4. Plates crash, scrape against each other, or bend a long jagged boundaries.
SV FP

Front 7

What are the layers of the Earth?

Back 7

cust, core, mantle

Front 8

Crust

Back 8

the outermost layer of the earth

Front 9

Mantle

Back 9

between the crust and the core

Front 10

Core

Back 10

located at center of eath

Front 11

Outercore

Back 11

where mostly melted iron is found

Front 12

Mantle

Back 12

very hot, sometimes molten

Front 13

Outercore

Back 13

MOSTLY melted iron is found here.

Front 14

Outercore

Back 14

Layer that has temperatures that reach up to 11,000 DEGREES F.

Front 15

Outercore

Back 15

This layer is about 1,400 miles thick.

Front 16

Mantle

Back 16

Very hot, SOMETIMES molten, rock is found here.

Front 17

Mantle

Back 17

This layer is about 1,800 miles thick AND has temperatures that can reach 8,000 DEGREES F.

Front 18

Mantle

Back 18

This layer supports the crust.

Front 19

Crust

Back 19

Ranges in thickness 5-25 miles thick.

Front 20

Crust

Back 20

Layer that has temperatures that reach 1,600 DEGREES F--hot enough to melt rocks!

Front 21

Innercore

Back 21

Layer is 4,000 miles below the surface of the earth.

Front 22

Innercore

Back 22

Layer has temperatures as high as 13,000 DEGREES F.

Front 23

Innercore

Back 23

Shaped like a ball, this layer is made MOSTLY of SOLID iron.

Front 24

Label each layer.

Back 24

Crust
Mantle
Innercore
Outercore

Front 25

earth

Back 25

The _________ has 3 main layers.

Front 26

layers

Back 26

The crust, mantle, and core are the 3 main _________.

Front 27

crust

Back 27

The _________ is the outermost layer of the Earth.

Front 28

mantle

Back 28

The _________ is between the crust and the core.

Front 29

core

Back 29

The _________ is lcoated in the center of the Earth.

Front 30

surface

Back 30

The _________ is also called the crust.

Front 31

solid

Back 31

The core of the Earth is under pressure and is _________.

Front 32

rocky

Back 32

Earth's crust is _________ and brittle and can break during earthquakes.

Front 33

Divergent

Back 33

These plates spread APART slowly.

Front 34

Convergent

Back 34

These plates COLLIDE or are PUSHED TOGETHER.

Front 35

Divergent
Convergent
Transform

Back 35

Earthquakes can result from these TYPES of plate movement.

Front 36

Transform

Back 36

These plates slide past each other in opposite directions.

Front 37

Divergent

Back 37

New crust can form at places in the ocean where 2 plates pull APART from each other.

Front 38

Convergent

Back 38

When 2 plates that carry continents CRASH INTO EACH OTHER, the EDGES of both plates can CRUMBLE and FORM MOUNTAIN RANGES.

Front 39

Transform

Back 39

These plates move SIDEWAYS PAST EACH other and create a break in the earth's crust called a fault.

Front 40

Divergent
Convergent
Transform

Back 40

VOLCANOES can form along the EDGES when these types of PLATE MOVEMENTS occur.

Front 41

Convergent

Back 41

One of the PLATE EDGES can SINK below the other in this type of movement.

Front 42

Divergent

Back 42

This type of PLATE MOVEMENT may CREATE NEW SEAS when OCEAN WATER FILLS THE GAP BETWEEN THE PLATES.

Front 43

BONUS!
Describe transform plate movement.

Back 43

Transform plate movement is when plates move sideways and slide past each other.

Front 44

BONUS!
Why do you think the scientists named the pieces of the earth's crust plates?

Back 44

Scientists named the pieces of the earth's crust plates because they are large pieces of rock that hold the earth's crust and mantle.

Front 45

List the layers of the earth starting with the top layer.

Back 45

crust, mantle, outercore, inner core

Front 46

True

Back 46

Most earthquakes occur on fault lines.

Front 47

False

Back 47

Rocks deep in the ground do not move.

Front 48

False

Back 48

Rocks in the earth never shift into new positions.

Front 49

True

Back 49

Earthquakes usually begin deep in the ground.

Front 50

True

Back 50

The movement of rocks in the earth causes the ground to shake.

Front 51

False (IN the ground is focus/ON the ground is the epicenter)

Back 51

The point IN the ground where the rocks begin to shift is called the epicenter.

Front 52

False (directly BELOW)

Back 52

The location on the earth's surface directly above the epicenter is called the focus.

Front 53

False

Back 53

The strongest shaking is usually felt far away from the epicenter.

Front 54

True

Back 54

Earthquakes can damage buildings, roads, dams, etc.

Front 55

True

Back 55

Most injuries aren't caused by the shaking but by the earthquake damage.

Front 56

True

Back 56

Earthquakes below the ocean can cause tsunamis.

Front 57

True

Back 57

Fire is often a major problem after an earthquake.

Front 58

False (normal, strike-slip, and reverse faults)

Back 58

The three types of faults are normal, backward, and slip.

Front 59

True

Back 59

The Ring of Fire is home to many of the world's earthquakes.

Front 60

False (Pacific Ocean)

Back 60

The Ring of Fire is where the plates meet in the Atlantic Ocean.

Front 61

Mantle

Back 61

Layer that has temperatures that reach up to 8,000 degrees F.

Front 62

Crust

Back 62

Solid rocks, soil, and minerals make up this layer.

Front 63

Plates

Back 63

Pieces of crust and matle that form the earth's surface.

Front 64

Fault

Back 64

A break in the crust where movement occurs.

Front 65

Focus

Back 65

The point where the earthquake MOVEMENT FIRST occurs

Front 66

Epicenter

Back 66

The point on the earth's surface directly ABOVE the focus.

Front 67

Aftershock

Back 67

A small earthquake after a big one.

Front 68

Richter Scale

Back 68

Measure ENERGY in an earthquake.

Front 69

Seismograph

Back 69

Records VIBRATIONS in earthquake.

Front 70

***Magma

Back 70

***Hot, molten rock from the earth's mantle

Front 71

Vent

Back 71

An opening ina volcano where magma escapes.

Front 72

Lava

Back 72

Magma that reaches the earth's surface.

Front 73

True

Back 73

Earthquakes happen where earth's crust is weak and buildup of pressure underground.

Front 74

Plate movements

Back 74

The buildup of pressure underground is caused by what?

Front 75

True

Back 75

The nearer the focus is to the earth's surface, the greater the damage.

Front 76

Body Waves
Surface Waves

Back 76

Name two types of waves sent from focus.

Front 77

Do body waves travel INSIDE the earth or ON the earth?

Back 77

Inside

Front 78

True

Back 78

Waves can make the land split along a line called a fault.

Front 79

True

Back 79

At fault lines:
--Rocks slip
--Rocks get pushed up
--Rocks slide past each other