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46 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Topic #1 |
Mass Extinctions |
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What is mass extinction? |
Mass extinction is when there is a global decrease of a certain species in a small time/period. |
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What causes mass extinctions? |
- Asteroids -Climate change -Volcanoes -Not being able to adapt to their environment |
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How has it affected the natural environment? |
-Made species evolve -Created new species -Destroys plants -Animals run out of food -Make species extinct -Changes land and ocean temperatures |
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How has it affected organisms (plants, animals, and humans) over time? |
-Have killed them -Damaged their health -Made some species evolve to survive the extinction |
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What were the 5 mass extinctions? |
-Ice Age -Devonian Extinction -The Great Dying -Conodont Teeth -Dinosaur Extinction |
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What happened during the ice age? |
-The temperature dropped -The land and sea froze -It was 444 million years ago -86% percent of species lost |
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What happened during the Devonian Extinction? |
-It happened after Ice Age -Plant deep roots sent nutrients into ocean -Marine creatures couldn't hold certain nutrients so they suffocated with them -It happened 375 million years ago, 75% of species lost |
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What happened during The Great Dying? |
-It was the worst extinction ever -Huge explosion sent gigantic amount of CO2 into atmosphere -Bacteria responded and bleached out methane -Temperature rises up and ocean became almost acid -It happened 251 milion years ago,96% of species lost |
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What happened during the Conodent Teeth? |
-This is a extinction of living creatures -It was made of hydroxyapatite -Material that remains important in our teeth and bones -No theory has been found about this extinction -It occured200 million years ago, 80% of species lost |
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What happened during the Dinosaur Extinction? |
-Huge meteorite crashed into earth -It made the temperature not stable -It made the environment hard to live in -Most known extinction |
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Which was the worst extinction? |
The Great Dying |
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Which is the most known extinction? |
The Dinosaur Extinction. |
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Topic #2 |
Comets, Meteorites, and Asteroids |
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What is a meteoroid? |
Meteoroids are tiny pieces of asteroid or comet that orbit around the sun. |
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What is a comet? |
-A small sometimes active object. -It is composed of dirt and ice. -They are characterised by dust and gas tails when proximity of sun. |
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What is an asteroid? |
A small body that is inactive which is composed of rock carbon or metal that orbits the sun. |
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What is a meteorite? |
Is a meteor that survives its passage through the earth's atmosphere such that part of it strikes the ground. |
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What is a meteor? |
A meteoroid that burns up in earth's atmosphere. For example, shooting star. |
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What disasters have meteors and meteorites caused? |
-Have caused dinosaurs to be gone. -A shower of meteorites destroyed several houses and injured 20 people in India. -Another Shower of meteors destroyed the center of Russia |
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How and why are there metoer showers? |
Meteor showers occur when dust or particles from asteroids or comets enter Earth's atmosphere at very high speed. When they hit the atmosphere, meteors rub against air particles and create friction, heating the meteors. The heat vaporizes most meteors, creating what we call shooting stars. |
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How has it affected organisms over time? |
One day on Russia there was a meteor shower, although no people or buildings were hit by the resulting meteorite, the shock wave from the exploding object injured about 1500 people and caused damage to 7200 buildings in the region. |
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How has it affected the environment? |
Winter: In Winter if a kilometer meteorite impact in the ground the sky will be darker than normal. Photosynthesis: While a rapid drop in a global temperature would directly affect the survival rates of organisms with low tolerance for the cold. The atmosphere: After a large meteorite impact would contain new substances in addition to smoke and ejecta. Water: if a meteorite landed instead in an ocean, widespread flooding would result from the giant waves. Evolution: Dinosaurs became extinct in the aftermath of an impact 65 million years ago. |
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Can you prevent this catastrophic event? |
Yes you can but some of the results wouldn't be convenient. |
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What are some possible ways to prevent this catastrophic event? |
-NASA can send a team to go blow up the meteor in half. -Kinetic impact, you hit it with something strong so everything would be destroyed. -Solar sails, we can use the sun power to just push it away and it would get hot enough to disintegrate. -Steam it, every asteroid has cold substances so scientist created a laser which is powerful enough to make it evaporate. |
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How can we prepare for this catastrophic event? |
In case of a meteorite we all should go to an underground shelter and help each other. The underground shelter should at least be 25 meters underground. |
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What do scientists use to predict if there is a meteor shower? |
They use a scientific telescope that can each object from a big distance each time they see something the record and see its coordinates if it is near earth the only thing we can expect is NASA save plan work. |
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Topic #3 |
Tsunami |
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What are tsunamis? |
A long high sea wave caused by an earthquake, submarine landslide, or other disturbance. |
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Name at least 3 reasons why tsunamis occur? |
Possible answers: -Sudden movement of the ocean -Due to earthquakes -Landslides on the seafloor -Land slumping into the ocean -Major volcanic eruptions -Large meteorite impacts |
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What are some examples of tsunamis that have happened? Describe their characteristics. |
1. Sumatra, Indonesia - 26 December 2004- Worst tsunami ever recorded. -9.1 in the richter scale. -The tsunami was as tall as 25-50 m -It went at 499 mph 2. North Pacific Coast, Japan - 11 March 2011 -A tsunami at 800 km per hour and 10 m high -East coast of Japan, killing more than 18,000 people -Tsunami was caused by an 9.0 earthquake 3. Lisbon, Portugal - 1 November 1755 -8.5 earthquake caused a series of three huge waves that killed 60,000 people -strike along west coast of Portugal and southern Spain,up to 30 m high, in some places. |
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What have tsunamis done to Earth? |
-Destruction -Death -Drowned people and their houses -Can’t Survive cause of force of the oceans -Water Contamination to wildlife animals -Domesticated Animals Dying |
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State at least two ways in order to prepare for a tsunami. |
Possible answers: -Communicate with each other and around the world. -Medical Supplies to protect each other if get hurt. -Stay in highest building to protect your family and others. -Have a scuba Dive Kit to not drown. |
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Topic #4 |
Volcanoes |
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What are volcanoes? |
Volcanoes are a mountain or hill that contains lava, rock fragments, hot vapor, and gas are being or have been erupted from the earth's crust. |
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What is the greek word for volcanoes? |
ifaisteio |
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How are volcanoes formed? |
They are formed when the mantle works its way up the ash and magna flows. |
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What happened during Pompeii? |
-It was a terrible catastrophy that killed two thousand people. -It was an active volcano. (Active volcano is a volcano that that is likely to erupt.) -Mt. Vesuvius exploded. |
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How do rocks form part of volcanoes? |
-Ignous rocks are formed when lava cools. -Bodies are exhibited in museums. |
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Why do volcanoes erupt? |
They erupt because of density and pressure. |
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Why do earthquakes occur? |
When the tectonic plates shift, which causes the ground to shake. |
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How are they measured? |
They are measured by magnitude scale. |
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What are plate tectonics? |
They are plates that travel over the mantle and when they collide, earthquakes and mountains are formed. They are found in the lithosphere. |
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Name one big earthquake with some characteristics. |
San Francisco Earthquake -Happened at 5:12 a.m. -On April 18, 1906 -Killed more than 3,000 people. |
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What was the biggest earthquake? |
It happened in May 22, 1960 near Valdivia, in southern Chile. It was assigned a magnitude of 9.5 by the United States Geological Survey. |
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How do earthquakes occur? |
-When the tectonic plates shift and smash together. -A rock underground suddenly breaks along the fault line. -Two blocks of rocks are rubbing against each other and they stick a little. |
