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25 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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earthquake
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vibrations in the eats crust that results in destruction
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epicenter
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the point on the Earths surface directly above the earthquake focus
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fault
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fracture in a rock formation along which there has been movement of the blocks of rock on either side of the plane or fracture
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focus
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earthquakes point of origin
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liquefaction
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act or process of liquefying or making a liquid. sediments that are very wet start to behave like a liquid.
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normal fault
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cause by rock above the fault moving downward in relation to the rock below the fault - tension force
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primary wave
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cause particles in rock to move back and forth in the same direction that the wave is traveling (P-waves)
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reverse fault
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rock gets squeezed above the fault up and over the rock below the fault - compression forces
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secondary wave
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cause particles in rock to move at right angles to the direction of the wave travel (S-waves)
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seismic wave
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waves generated by an earthquake can move the group forward, backward, up and down, and side to side
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seismograph
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measures seismic waves
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strike-slip fault
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rocks on either side of the fault move past each other without much upward or downward motion - shear forces
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surface wave
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move rock particles in a backward, rolling motion and a sideways swaying motion
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tsunami
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ocean waves caused by earthquakes
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batholith
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rock bodies formed when magma bodies that are being forced upward from the earth cool slowly and solidify before reaching the surface
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caldera
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steep walled depression around the vent
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cinder cone volcano
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tephra falls to the ground, it forms a steep-sided, loosely packed volcano
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composite volcano
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forms from alternating layers of quiet lava and more explosive tephra
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crater
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cup-shaped depression
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shield volcano
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quiet eruptions of basaltic lava spread out in flat layers, they form a broad volcano with gently sloping sides
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sill
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magma tha hardens after being forced into a crack parallel to rock layers
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tephra
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bits of rocks or solidified lava
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vent
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a surface opening of a volcano that magma flows out of
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volcanic neck
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forms when the softer cone is eroded away, leaving the solid igneous core
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volcano
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opening in the earth that erupts gases, ash, and lava
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