Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
40 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
Theory of Plate Tectonics
|
idea that the earth's crust is made up of moving plates, the earth's crust floats on a layer of semiliquid rock or magna
|
|
|
Lithosphere
|
The crust and upper area of the mantle that consists of large pieces called plates.
|
|
|
plate boundaries
|
places where the plates meet
|
|
|
Causes of Earthquakes
|
1. The build up of energy when two surfaces push and scrape each other
2. Faults 3. Adding or removing large amounts of earth 4. Molten rock under a volcano moves |
|
|
Faults
|
breaks in the earth's surface along which rocks can move
|
|
|
3 types of Faults:
|
1. thrust or reverse - rocks push together until they force a secton of rock upward
2. normal fault-rocks move apart, a section of rock may fall between the separating rocks 3. strike-slip fault - rocks move horizontally past each other |
|
|
a famous strike-slip fault
|
San Andreas Fault in California
|
|
|
Earth waves (seismic waves)
|
vibrations sent out from the beginning point of an earthquake
|
|
|
epicenter
|
point on the surface of the earth directly above the focus
|
|
|
body waves
|
seismic waves that occur beneath the surface of the earth
|
|
|
2 types of body waves
|
P waves - fastest moving body wave: straight path
S waves - move more slowly than the P wave, up and down, zigzag pattern |
|
|
land waves (L waves)
|
when P and S waves reach the surface of the earth
|
|
|
L waves
|
slowest moving and most destructive waves
|
|
|
2 types of L waves
|
1. Love waves - fastest moving land waves, move back and forth
2. Rayleigh waves - move along ground in a rolling motion |
|
|
Seismograph
|
a machine used to detect, time, and measure the movements of the earth
|
|
|
Richter Scale
|
measures the magnitude (strength)
|
|
|
Tsunamis
|
a giant wave
|
|
|
Causes of volcanoes
|
* crack in the earth's crust allows for magma and gases to surface
1. Magma chambers - deep pockets of molten rock 2. Hot magma rises and pushes through the earth's crust 3. When magma breaks through it is called lava 4. Lava comes out through vents (may have more than 1 vent) * minerals and gases determine how much the volcano will explode * some volcanoes produce clouds filled with jagged bits of crushed rocks - ash |
|
|
2/3 of active volcanoes are found in an area of the Pacific Ocean called:
|
Ring of Fire
|
|
|
Hot spots
|
pools of intensely hot magma
|
|
|
Move volcanic eruptions occur where?
|
under the ocean
|
|
|
Another location of volcanoes
|
Mediterranean Sea
|
|
|
Cinder cone shape volcano
|
more like a hill
bowl-like crater 1 vent showers bits of ash and lava |
|
|
Shield volcano
|
gradually sloping sides
looks like upside down saucer generally largest in the world not usually explosive |
|
|
Composite cone volcano
|
steep sides and very tall
explosive eruptions |
|
|
Active volcano
|
one that has erupted at some point during recorded time and is expected to erupt again
|
|
|
Dormant volcano
|
have erupted in distant past,
currently inactive, not expected to erupt again |
|
|
Extinct volcano
|
does not have a recorded eruption
not expected to erupt in the future |
|
|
effects of volcanoes
|
vog
acid rain debri flow |
|
|
product of volcanoes
|
pumice
obsidian jewelry granite for building |
|
|
vog
|
volcanic fog, a pollution that can aggravate respiratory problems
|
|
|
acid rain is from ?
|
gases
|
|
|
debri flow
|
falling mud and rocks
|
|
|
Other Thermal Eruptions
|
Hot springs
Geyser Mud pot |
|
|
Hot spring
|
heat from magma warms water, water rises to the earth's surface
|
|
|
Geyser
|
hot spring that periodically blows steam and hot water into the air
|
|
|
Mud pot
|
hot spring that contains more mud than water
|
|
|
crater
|
bowl shape at the top of main vent of a volcano
|
|
|
seismologist
|
scientist who study the movement of the earth
|
|
|
volcanologist
|
scientist who study volcanoes
|
