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42 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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After breaking, where do they move along?
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Faults
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What happens to rocks when they are applied force?
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They undergo stress.
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When the _______ ________ are passed, the rocks break.
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Elastic Limits
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On one side of a fault, which ways can rocks move.
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Up, down, or sideways
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Why do faults occur?
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Forces inside the Earth cause Earth's surface to move placing stress on or near the plate edge.
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At a fault, what will rocks do?
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Bend, compression, stretch, and possibly
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vibrations produced by breaking rock
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Earthquakes
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During an earthquakem what do the rocks do?
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Break, move along the fault, return to original position.
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Where do rocks move during an earthquake?
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Under, or along each other along fault lines
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What are the types of force that act on rocks?
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Tension, Compression, and shear
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Caused by rock above the fault moving downward in relation to the rock below the fault. Caused by tension forces
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Normal Faults
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Compression forces squeeze rock above the fault up and over the rock below the fault
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Reverse Fault
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Created by shear forces. rocks on either side of the fault move past each other without much upward or downward motion
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Strike-slip Fault
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Waves generated by an earthqauke can move the ground forward and backward, up and downm and side to side.
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Seismic Waves
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an earthquake's point of energy release
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Focus
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Cause particles inrocks to move back and forth in the same direction that the wave is traveling
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Primary Wave
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cause particles in rock to move at right angles to the direction of wave travel
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Secondary Wave
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move rock particles in a backward, rolling motion and a sideways swaying motion
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Surface Waves
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the point on the Earth's surface directly above the earthquake focus is called
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epicenter
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How do scientists the epicenter?
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they determine the different speeds of seismic waves
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Which waves move the fastest?
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Primary
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Which waves come after the first waves and before the last?
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Secondary Wave
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Which waves are the slowest?
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Surface Waves
They also reach the station last. |
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What measures seismic waves?
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Seismograph
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What does a seismograph consist of?
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Rotating drum, and a pendulum with a pen
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The paper record of a seismic event is called a
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seismogram
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What is the Earth's outermost layer?
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Crust
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Why don't large areas of Earth receive seismic waves?
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the waves are bent or stopped by materials of different density
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Earthquake kill many people and cause much _________
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damage
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scientists who study earthquakes
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seismologists
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measure of energy released by an earthquake
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magnitude
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How is magnitude determined?
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Richter Scale
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The Richter Scale has no_________ ________
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Upper Limit
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Why are most Earthquakes not felt by humans?
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They have magnitudes to low.
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What is the Mercalli Scale?
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an intensity scale based on structural and geologic damage
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shaking from an earthquake can make wet soil act like a liquid
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Liquefaction
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What are tsunamis?
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Ocean waves are cause by earthquakes
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What cause tsunamis?
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a sudden movement of the ocean floor pushes against the water
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How far can tsunamis travel?
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thousands of kilometers in all directions
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Earthquakes cannot be__________
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predicted
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Buildings can be built to withstand ___________
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seismic vibrations
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What is a mooring?
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protect buildings from earthquakes. flexible. circular. made of alternating layers of rubber and steel
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