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29 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Focus |
The place inside the earth where the earthquake starts |
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epicenter |
The spot on land directly above the focus |
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seismograph |
An instrument that detects and measure earthquakes |
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seismogram |
A paper record of an earthquake event |
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The Richter scale |
measures the magnitude of an earthquake |
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Seismic waves |
Vibrations released during an earthquake |
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primary wave |
The fastest moving seismic waves, least destructive, travels through solids, liquids, and gases, first wave recorded |
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Secondary (S) wave |
The seismic wave that is recorded second, and causes a little more damage than P waves |
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Surface, L waves |
The seismic waves that cause the most destruction, are the slowest, and the third wave recorded |
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ring of fire |
The major earthquake and volcano zone in the world is the around the Pacific Ocean. |
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transform boundaries |
Where earthquakes occur |
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Strike-slip fault |
caused when two plates scrape alongside one another |
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tsunami |
A huge wave caused by an underwater earthquake |
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Normal fault |
Rocks are pulled apart at this fault |
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convection current |
Warmer matter rises, cooler matter sinks |
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The Mercalli Scale |
measures earthquake damage using Roman Numerals |
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Liquid Faction |
Soil acts more like liquid. |
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hot spot |
Hot areas found within a plate, not at the edges of a plate |
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lava |
Magma on the Earth’s surface |
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Subduction boundary |
Where many volcanoes are formed |
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Crater |
Hole at the top of a volcano |
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Shield cone volcano |
gentle sloping sides, quiet eruptions, lava layers, wide base |
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Cinder cone volcano |
steep sides, explosive eruptions, rock layers, narrow base |
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Composite cone volcano |
somewhat steep sides, both quiet and explosive eruptions, layers of rock and lava, medium base |
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Caldera |
Volcano with a very wide opening at the top |
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Tephra |
material that comes out of a cinder cone volcano |
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San Andreas |
major fault found in CA |
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Silica |
Amount in a volcano determines if the eruption will be quiet or explosive |
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Pyroclastic flow |
fast-moving, destructive lava from volcano |
