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45 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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First Law of Thermodynamics |
Energy can neither be created nor destroyed but maybe converted from one form to another |
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Second Law of Thermodynamics |
when energy is changed from one form to another, some useful energy is always degradedinto lower quality energy, usually heat |
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Photosynthesis |
plants convert atmospheric carbon (CO2) into complex carbohydrates (glucose C6H12O6) |
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Cellular Respiration |
process in which cells release energy stored in foodDone by ALL organisms |
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PH |
A measure of how a something is acidic or basic |
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Biophilia |
the idea that humans have an innate love of life |
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Anthropocentrism Biocentrism |
Humans and only humans are intrinsically valuable. Backbone of western thought The view that being alive is necessary and sufficient for moral standing. |
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Ecocentric |
the notion that the objects of primary moral concern are ecosystems. |
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Negative Feedback Loop |
A negative feedback loop causes a system to change in the opposite direction from which is moving |
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Positive Feedback Loop |
A positive feedback loop causes a system to change further in the same direction. |
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Core, Mantle, Crust |
The innermost layer of the earth. The layer of iron-rich minerals surrounding earth's core. Earth's outermost layer |
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Geologic clock (era) |
a division of geologic time including several periods, but smaller than an eon; commonly recognized eras are the Paleozoic, Mesozoic, and Cenozoic |
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Lithosphere |
The part of Earth that includes the crust and the outermost mantle. |
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Hydrosphere |
All of the water on earth |
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Biosphere |
Consists of all life on earth and all larts of earth |
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Atmosphere |
Blanket of gases on earth |
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Subduction |
when ocean crust age, it cools and becomes more dense and can sink into the interior of the earth. Ocean Trenches and Explosive Volcanoes occur at subduction zones. |
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Transform |
boundary fracture where 2 plates struggle to slide past each other |
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Uplift |
In an impact crater, this is the portion that is raised above the floor |
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Convergent |
When two plates collide |
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Metamorphic |
Metamorphic rock are rocks that has been changed by heat and pressure |
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Igneous |
rock formed from the cooling of molten rock |
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Sedimentary |
rock formed from sediments, plant or animal remains (organic), or chemical precipitates (chemical). |
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Cone Volcano |
steep, cone-shaped hill or small mountain, made up of layers of cinder. |
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Fissure Volcano |
is a linearvolcanic vent through which lava erupts, usually without any explosive activity |
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Composite Volcano |
Tall mountain with steep sides and wide base, made up of alternate layers of ash, cinder, and lava. |
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Shield Volcano |
wide, gently sloping mountain built up of many layers of lava. |
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Epicenter |
Point of an earthquake that is the exact point on the surface of Earth directly above which the rock has ruptured. |
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S Waves |
Earthquake secondary wave, Arrives second, only travel through solids, up down motion |
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P Wave |
A type of seismic wave that compresses and expands the ground. |
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Hot Spot |
Plumes of hot magma producing places where molten material from the mantle reaches the lithosphere. |
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Troposphere |
the layer of the atmosphere that is nearest to the Earth's surface. It is where most weather changes occur. It is the thinnest layer yet contains half of the Earth's atmosphere. |
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Stratosphere |
the layer of the atmosphere just above the troposphere and below the mesosphere. There is a temperature inversion due to the ozone layer which absorbs most of the sun's UV radiation. |
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Mesosphere |
The layer of the atmosphere just above the stratosphere and below the thermosphere. It is the coldest part of the atmosphere and meteors burn up in this layer. |
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Thermosphere |
the layer of the atmosphere above the mesosphere where temperatures are the highest in the atmosphere. The increasing temperature is due to the strong influence of solar activity. |
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Weather |
the state of the atmosphere at a place and time as regards heat, dryness, sunshine, wind, rain, etc. |
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Climate |
Average weather that occurs in a region over a long period. |
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Warm Fronts |
The boundary of an advancing mass of warm air, in particular the leading edge of the warm sector of a low-pressure system. |
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Cold Fronts |
the boundary of an advancing mass of cold air, in particular the trailing edge of the warm sector of a low-pressure system. |
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High Pressure System |
High pressure systems are pressure systems that have the highest pressure in the middle and slowly decrease the further you get away. |
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Low Pressure System |
is a whirling mass of warm, moist air that generally brings stormy weather with strong winds. When viewed from above, winds spiral into a low-pressure center in a counterclockwise rotation in the Northern Hemisphere. |
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Thermal Inversion |
occurs when a layer of warm air settles over a layer of cooler air that lies near the ground. The warm air holds down the cool air and prevents pollutants from rising and scattering. |
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Hadley Cell |
the convection currents that cycle between the equator and 30 degrees N & S. Warm air rises from the equator and loses its moisture as rain. It then falls back to the Earth at 30 degrees as dry, cool air |
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Ferrel Cell |
is the average motion of air in the mid-latitudes. It is characterized by sinking air near 30 deg and rising air farther poleward. At the surface, air flowing poleward is deflected to the east by the coriolis force, resulting in westerly surface winds. |
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Coriolis Effect |
causes moving air and water to turn left in the southern hemisphere and turn right in the northern hemisphere due to Earth's rotation |
