Earth Surface

Front 1

Give two examples of mechanical weathering and describe each

Back 1

Wedging effects- cause by repeated freezing and thawing of water in the pores and small cracks of otherwise solid rock

Effects of reduced pressure- As more and more weathered materials are removed from the surface, the downward pressure from the weight of the material on the rock below becomes less and less. The rock below begins to expand upoward, fracturing into concentric sheets from the effects of reduced pressure

Front 2

what are the three processes weathering is important to. explain one

Back 2

Rock Cycle- produces sediment, the raw material for new rocks

The formation of soils

The movement of rock materials over Earth's surface

Front 3

define erosion

Back 3

the process of physically removing weathered materials

Front 4

define transportation

Back 4

the movement of eroded materials by agents such as rivers, glaciers, wind or waves

Front 5

What kind of mountains are produced by reduced pressure/exfoliation

Back 5

dome-shaped hills and rounded bounders.

Front 6

Give three examples of chemical weathering, describe each and give and example

Back 6

Oxidation- chemical reaction between oxygen and minerals making up rocks

Carbonation- chemical reaction between carbonic acid and the minerals making up rock

Hydration- reaction between water and the minerals of rocks

Front 7

What are the two ways that weathered materials are moved to a lower elevation? Describe each.

Back 7

Mass movement- erosion caused by gravity acting directly. Whenever anything happens to reduced the cohesiveness or to reduce frition, gravity pulls the freed material to a lower elevation

*** add to this part

Front 8

What is the important intermediate agent that carries rock material to lower levels? How does it begin? Describe how it impacts the soil and what happens if this agent is heavy enough

Back 8

Running water

It begins with rainfall. Each raindrop impacting the soil moves small rock fragments about but also begins to dissolve some of the soluble products of weathering

Front 9

What are the 3 ways that running water transports material?

Back 9

1. Solution
2. suspension
3. bounced along the bottom of the streambed

Front 10

What is a floodplain?

Back 10

It's the wide, level floor of a valley built by a stream, where the stream floods when it overflows its channel

Front 11

What are the 3 stages to the making of a floodplain? Give one characteristic for each stage

Back 11

youth- steep gradient

maturity- slower moving water

old age- gently sloping valleys

Front 12

What is a glacier? How does it form? Where does it form from? How does it accumulate?

Back 12

mass of ice on land that moves under its weight. It forms gradually from snow.

The weight of overlying snow packs down layers and drives out air causing snow to crystalize and later become denser

Front 13

What are the 3 techniques by which glaciers erode land?

Back 13

Bulldozing- pushing along of rocks, soil and sediments by the leading edge of an advancing glacier

Plucking

Abrasion

Front 14

How does the wind shape the surface of the land? Why is wind less efficient than water or ice for modifying the earth's surface?

Back 14

1. less dense

2. wind only blows occasionally in most locations

Front 15

What are the two basic types of rock weathering?

Back 15

1. mechanical weathering- the physical breaking up of rocks without any changes in their chemical composition

2. chemical weathering- the alterations of minerals by chemical reactions with water, gases of the atmosphere, or solutions