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26 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Earthquake |
Vibrations in the ground that result from movement along breaks in Earth's lithosphere |
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fault |
a break in Earth's lithosphere where one block of rock moves towards, away from, or past another |
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focus |
location where seismic waves originate |
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epi-center |
the location on Earth's surface directly above the earthquake's focus |
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Primary Waves or P-Waves |
cause particles in the ground to move in a push-pull motion similar to a spring |
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Secondary Waves or S-Waves |
cause particles to move up and down at right angles relative to the direction the wave travels (slower) |
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Surface Waves |
particles in the group to move up and down in a rolling motion |
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volcano |
a vent in Earth's crust through which melted rock flows |
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magma |
molten rock below the Earth's surface |
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lava |
molten rock that erupts onto Earth's surface |
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hot spots |
volcanoes that are not associated with plate boundaries |
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Ring of Fire |
area of earthquake and volcanic activity that surrounds the Pacific Ocean |
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Shield Volcanos |
large volcanoes with gentle slopes of basaltic lavas. common along divergent plate boundaries and ocean hot spots |
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Composite Volcanes |
large, steep-sided volcanoes that result from explosive eruptions of andesitic and rhyolitic lava |
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volcanic ash |
tiny particles of pulverized volcanic rock and glass |
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viscosity |
a liquid's resistance to flow |
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Pyroclastic Flow |
explosive volcanoes produce that produce fast-moving avalanches of hot gas, ash, and rock. |
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Richter scale |
uses the amount of ground motion at a given distance from the earthquake to determine magnitude. used to report earthquake activity to the general public |
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moment magnitude scale |
measures the total amount of energy released by an earthquake |
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Mercalli scale |
measures earthquake intensity based on descriptions of the earthquake's effects on people and structures |
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Strike-slip fault |
forms along transform plate boundaries. forces cause rock to slide horizontally past each other in opposite directions |
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normal fault |
forms when forces pull rocks apart along divergent plate boundary |
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reverse fault |
one block of rock moves up relative to another block of rock in a convergent plate boundary |
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silica |
SiO2, main chemical compound in all magmas |
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Caldera |
Caldron-like volcanic feature when a magma chamber was empties |
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island arc |
islands formed from a chain of volcanoes often in an arc shape parallel and close to convergent plates |
