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17 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Composite Cone
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A volcano composed of both lava flows and pyroclastic material
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viscosity
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A measure of a fluid's resistance to flow
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pyroclastic material
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The name given to particles producted in volcanic eruptions. This can include ash, bombs, and blocks.
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vent
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an opening in the surface of Earth through which molten rock and gases are released
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shield volcano
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produced by the accumulation of fluid basaltic lavas. Most have grown up from the deep-ocean floor to form islands.
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volcano
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A mountain formed of lava and/or pyroclastic material.
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crater
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the depression at the summit of a volcano or that which is produced by a meteorite impact.
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cinder cone
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Ejected lava fragments the size of cinders, which harden in the air. These are usually a product of relatively gas-rich basaltic magma.
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caldera
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a large depression in a volcano. This can form in one of the two ways: by the collapse of a composite volcano after an explosive eruption, or from the collapse of the top of a shield volcano.
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pluton
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structures that result from the cooling and hardening of magma at depth. Becasue they all form beneath Earth's surface, they can be studied only after up lift and erosion have exposed them
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laccolith
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a massive igneous body intruded between a preexisting strata. Most are not much wider than a few kilometers
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sill
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Forms when magma is injected along sedimentary bedding surfaces, parallel to the bedding planes. Horizontals are the most common.
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dike
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A tabular-shaped intrusive igneous feature that occurs when magma is injected into fractures in the surrounding rock, cutting across preexising rock layers.
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batholith
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A large mass of igneous rock that formed when magma intruded at depth, became crystallized and subsequentaly was exposed by erosion. They have a surface exposed greater than 100 square km.
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geothermal gradient
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the gradual increase in temperature with depth in the crust; The average is 30 C per kilometer in the upper crust
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decompression melting
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melting due to a drop in confining pressure that occurs as rock rises
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intraplate volcanism
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igneous activity that occurs within a tectonic plate away from plate boundaries.
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