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41 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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How are star temperature and color related?
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Blue- hot
Yellow- medium Red- cool White- medium hot Orange- medium cool |
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What units are used in measuring the distance between stars? Planets?
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Light years, 1 AU (astronomical unit) = distance between earth and sun once, 93 million miles
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What is the difference between apparent magnitude and absolute magnitude?
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apparent- how bright a star seems
based on size, temp. and distance absolute- how bright it actually is |
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In the space below, show the life cycle for a low mass star. Medium. Large
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Low mass: nebula, protostar, main sequence, white dwarf, black dwarf
Medium mass: nebula, protostar, main sequence, red giant, planetary nebula, white dwarf, black dwarf Large mass: nebula, protostar, main sequence, red supergiant, supernova |
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How are terrestrial and Jovian planets different?
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Terrestrial- Mercury, venus, earth, mars
dense Jovian- Jupiter, saturn, uranus, neptune gassy, less dense, rings |
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What is the celestial sphere?
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The big imaginary dome of the earth, limited. (Truman show)
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Geocentric model
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Earth is the center, planets orbit
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Ptolemaic model
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model that predicts retrograde motion, planets still orbit earth
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Heliocentric model
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Planets all orbit sun
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______'s three laws of planetary motion
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Kepler
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What are the three laws of planetary motion?
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1. Orbits are ellipses
2. Planet moves faster when closer to sun (perihelion and aphelion) 3. Bigger the period- longer the time to orbit |
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Define perihelion and aphelion
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Perihelion - when earth is closest to sun (January)
Aphelion - when earth is farthest from the sun (july) |
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3 motions of earth in our solar system and what they cause
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Rotation: spinning of earth on it's axis, day/night
24 hours Revolution: around sun, seasons, year, 365 days Precession: long time climate change, every 26000 years |
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Explain why the moon goes through phases
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The amount of the illuminated side of the moon that is visible to us on earth
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What is the most abundant gas in the atmosphere
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nitrogen
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What are the layers of the atmosphere? Describe each in terms of temperature and pressure.
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Too many stupid tests
troposphere, mesosphere, stratosphere, thermosphere |
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Describe each of the three forms of heat transfer in the atmosphere.
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convection - heat rising and cooling, sinking
conduction - direct contact between solids radiation - indirect heating sun |
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Which heats more rapidly, land or water?
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Land
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What effect will a large body of water have on daily/ nightly winds for nearby lands?
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water - high specific heat (amount of energy needed to raise temp.)
energy sponge land close to water- moderate day- sea breeze night- land breeze |
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What effect will a large body of water have on the climate for the nearby land?
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More moderate temp.
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What are isotherms? Isobars?
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Isotherm- lines connecting points of equal temperature
Isobar- lines connecting points of equal pressure |
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What is air pressure?
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Force of air per unit on an object or surface
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What causes wind?
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convection currents
uneven heating of earth, changes in air pressure |
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What is the coriolis effect? What causes it?
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curving of wind due to the rotation of earth
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What do closely spaced isobars indicate? widely spaced isobars?
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close- high pressure difference
far away- low pressure difference |
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What is the jet stream?
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river of air, 4 around the whole globe, on tropopause, moves air at top, makes the rest move
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What is a front?
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named by which one is moving, 2 air masses moving
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Describe the conditions associated with a cyclone (low pressure system) in the Northern Hemisphere. Include pressure, temp., winder direction, fronts, and relative humidity/capacity.
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Low pressure, hot/warm, converging at bottom, move up, high capacity, low RH. diverge at top. clouds
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Describe the conditions associated with an anti-cyclone in the Northern Hemisphere. Include pressure, temperature, wind direction, fronts, and relative humidity/capacity.
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anti-cyclone, high-pressure, clockwise, air diverging at surface, clear skies, warm air sinks, low RH big capacity no clouds, clockwise wind
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What are renewable resources? Non-renewable?
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Renewable- something we have unlimited access to
Non-renewable- limited |
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Describe the benefits and drawbacks of solar energy
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+ nonpolluting, free, efficient
- costly, back up needed |
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Nuclear
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+ controlled easily
- nuclear waste hazards, safety issues, expensive wind |
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Wind
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+ dependable, always wind
- noise, cost of land and tech, size |
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Hydroelectric
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+ clean
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What are the layers of the earth? Identify each layer as a liquid or solid
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crust-solid
mantle-liquid outer coure-liquid inner core-sold |
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What happens to temperature as you go toward the center of the earth? Pressure?
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Hotter, higher pressure
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What were the four pieces of evidence used to support continental drift?
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Jigsaw puzzle
fossil evidence geologic feature ancient climates |
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What is the focus/epicenter
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focus: under where earthquake starts
epicenter: above |
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How do developed and undeveloped countries compare in the effects of natural hazards?
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Earthquakes: developed, less damage, stronger, building codes
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What scale is used to measure the intensity of an earthquake?
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rictor scale, seismograph
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what is the earths core made of
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iron and nickle, flow of outer core: magnetic field
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