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21 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Seismology
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The Study of Earthquakes
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Fault
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A break in the Earth's crust along which blocks of the crust slide relatively to one another
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Deformation
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The change in the shape of a rock in response to stress
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Elastic Rebound
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a sudden return of elastically deformed rock to its orginal form
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Seismic waves
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waves of energy that travel through the Earth
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P waves
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Primary. Travels through solids, liquids and gas are the fastest seismic wave
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S waves
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Secondary/ Shear waves, are the second fastest wave. Shears rock back and forth.
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Gap Hypothesis
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Sections of active faults that have had relatively few earthquakes are likely to be sites of strong earthquakes in the future
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Seismic Gaps
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The areas where relatively few Earthquakes occur
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Moho
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The place within the Earth where the speed of seismic waves increase sharply. Marks the boundary between the Earths crust and Mantle/
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Shadow Zone
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Area on Earth's surface where no direct waves from a particular Earthquake can be detected.
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Volcano
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a mountain that forms when molten rock, called magma, is forced
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Lava
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Magma that flows onto the Earth's surface
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Pyroclastic Material
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produced when magma explodes from a volcano and solidifies in the air
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Shield Volcano
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Built out of layers of lava from repeated nonexplosive eruptions.
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Cinder cone volcano
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Small volcanic cones made entirely of pyroclastic material from moderately explosive eruptions
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composite volcano
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one of the most common volcanoes. form by explosive eruptions of pyroclastic material followed by quieter outpourings of lava
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crater
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At top of the central vent in most volcanoes is a funnel-shaped pit
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Caldera
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when a magma chamber that supplies material to a volcano empties and its roof collapses
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Rift
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When tectionic plates separate, a deep crack forms
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Hot spot
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Places on Earth's surface that are directly above columns of rising magma, called magma plumes.
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