Earth Science, Unit 4: Properties Of Matter

Front 1

chemical property

Back 1

properties of matter can be measured or observed only when matter undergoes a change to become an entirely different substance

Front 2

compound

Back 2

a unique substance that forms when two or more elements combine chemically

Front 3

gas

Back 3

matter that has neither a fixed volume nor a fixed shape

Front 4

density

Back 4

reflects how closely packed the particles of matter are

Front 5

element

Back 5

a pure substance

Front 6

kinetic energy

Back 6

the energy of moving matter

Front 7

flammability

Back 7

the ability of matter to burn

Front 8

mixture

Back 8

a combination of two or more substances in any proportion

Front 9

kinetic theory of matter

Back 9

the theory that all matter consists of constantly moving particles

Front 10

mass

Back 10

a measure of the amount of matter in a substance or an object

Front 11

molecule

Back 11

the smallest particle of a compound that still has the compound’s properties

Front 12

liquid

Back 12

matter that has a fixed volume but not a fixed shape

Front 13

matter

Back 13

anything that has mass and volume

Front 14

physical property

Back 14

properties that can be measured or observed without matter changing to a different substance

Front 15

reactivity

Back 15

the ability of matter to combine chemically with other substances

Front 16

volume

Back 16

a measure of the amount of space that a substance or an object takes up

Front 17

weight

Back 17

a measure of the force of gravity pulling on an object

Front 18

atom

Back 18

the smallest particle of an element that still has the element’s properties

Front 19

colloid

Back 19

a homogeneous mixture with medium-sized particles

Front 20

freezing

Back 20

the process in which a liquid changes to a solid

Front 21

melting

Back 21

the process in which a solid changes to a liquid

Front 22

sublimation

Back 22

the process in which a solid changes directly to a gas

Front 23

temperature

Back 23

the average kinetic energy of the particles of matter

Front 24

vaporization

Back 24

the process in which a liquid boils and changes to a gas

Front 25

atomic mass unit (amu)

Back 25

the SI unit for the mass of an atom

Front 26

atomic number

Back 26

the number of protons in the nucleus of an atom

Front 27

electron

Back 27

a particle outside the nucleus of an atom that has a negative electric charge

Front 28

ion

Back 28

when an atom gains or loses electrons

Front 29

isotope

Back 29

atoms of the same element that differ in number of neutrons

Front 30

mass number

Back 30

the number of protons plus the number of neutrons in an atom

Front 31

solution

Back 31

a homogeneous mixture with tiny particles

Front 32

suspension

Back 32

a heterogeneous mixture with large particles

Front 33

chemical change

Back 33

occurs when matter changes chemically into an entirely different substance with different chemical properties

Front 34

law of conservation of mass

Back 34

states that matter cannot be created or destroyed

Front 35

physical change

Back 35

a change in one or more of matter’s physical properties

Front 36

energy

Back 36

the ability to cause changes in matter

Front 37

neutron

Back 37

a particle in the nucleus of an atom that has no electric charge

Front 38

nucleus

Back 38

center of an atom made of protons and neutrons

Front 39

proton

Back 39

a particle in the nucleus of an atom that has a positive electric charge

Front 40

quark

Back 40

tinier particles of matter that make up protons and neutrons

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electron cloud

Back 41

area around the nucleus where electrons are likely to be

Front 42

energy level

Back 42

areas located at fixed distances from the nucleus of the atom

Front 43

orbital

Back 43

denser regions are areas where electrons are most likely to be

Front 44

group

Back 44

columns on the periodic table

Front 45

plasma

Back 45

a state of matter that resembles a gas but has certain properties that a gas does not have

Front 46

solid

Back 46

matter that has a fixed volume and a fixed shape

Front 47

states of matter

Back 47

the different forms in which matter can exist

Front 48

condensation

Back 48

the process in which a gas changes to a liquid

Front 49

deposition

Back 49

the process in which a gas changes directly to a solid without going through the liquid state

Front 50

evaporation

Back 50

the process in which a liquid can change to a gas without boiling

Front 51

period

Back 51

rows of the periodic table

Front 52

periodic table

Back 52

table of elements

Front 53

metal

Back 53

elements that are good conductors of electricity

Front 54

metalloid

Back 54

elements that fall between metals and nonmetals in the periodic table

Front 55

nonmetal

Back 55

elements that do not conduct electricity

Front 56

valence electron

Back 56

the electrons in the outer energy level of an atom