Earth Science Test

Front 1

Atmosphere

Back 1

Mixture of gases that surrounds Earth

Front 2

Hydrosphere

Back 2

The totality of Earth's water (Lakes, streams underground water oceans)

Front 3

Biosphere

Back 3

All of Earth's organisms and life

Front 4

Geosphere

Back 4

The solid earth, rock, and regolith

Front 5

Cryosphere

Back 5

Ice and snow and all frozen water on Earth

Front 6

Using the theory of plate tectonics, where do volcanoes and earthquakes occur?

Back 6

Along the edges of some continents / along the boundaries of lithospheric plates (plate boundaries)

Front 7

Do volcanoes and earthquakes always occur in the same place?

Back 7

Yes because they are found along the edges of the lithospheric plates

In addition to thsm it's because the plate boundaries are constantly in motion and the boundaries of the lithospheric plates are weaker and the molten core underneath has the least trouble getting through

More activity in plate boundaries because they're moving

Front 8

Focus

Back 8

The point of the first release of energy that causes an earthquake

Front 9

Epicenter

Back 9

The point on the Earth's surface that lies vertically above the focus of an earthquake

Front 10

How can you describe the patterns of earthquakes and volcanoes?

Back 10

Volcanoes are linear and are in straight patterns and straight lines

Earthquakes have straight linear patterns along the plate boundaries

Front 11

What are the main characteristics of each of Earth's layers?

Back 11

Crust is the outermost and thinnest of Earth's layers which consists of rocky matter that's less dense than rocks of the mantle below

The mantle, however, has a thick shell of dense rocky matter that surrounds the core. It also makes up most of Earth's mass.

Core- The spherical mass, largely metallic iron, at the center of the Earth. There is an inner core which is solid from the amount of pressure and the outer core surrounds the inner core as a liquid because the temperature and pressure are balanced.

Front 12

Lithosphere

Back 12

The outer 1000km of the solid Earth, where rocks are harder and more rigid than those in the asthenosphere.

Top part of Mantle along with Crust

Front 13

Asthenosphere

Back 13

Lower part of the mantle- can flow very slowly

Region that is 100-350km below the surface and rocks have little strength so they're easily deformed.

Front 14

Which US states are likely to have volcanoes form?Why?

Back 14

California, Hawaii, and Washington because they're in the zone of the Ring of Fire which is a concentration of volcanoes.

Front 15

Can you use a GPS map of North America to make basic observations?

Back 15

Yes because a GPS map can show you how much a plate has moved after a period of time which can help you draw conclusions.

Front 16

Compare/contrast oceanic and Continental crust

Back 16

Oceanic - crust is beneath the oceans and is thinner than the continental crust. Also is more dense.

Continental - crust is thicker than the oceanic crust. Is under solid rock and is less dense.

Front 17

What are the 3 main boundary types and their motions?

Back 17

1. Convergent: collision of plates

2.Divergent: plates spreading apart

3. Transform: plates slide past each other

Front 18

Define Subduction

Back 18

When one plate moves beneath another

Front 19

What was Wegener not able to explain?

Back 19

Wegener was not able to explain HOW the continents moved apart and what role the forces played in separating Pangea.

Front 20

When ocean and Continental plates collide, what happens?

Back 20

The oceanic crust Subducts under the continental crust (because density differences)

Front 21

What geographic features are created at each type of boundary?

Back 21

Divergent: continental rift valley, mid ocean ridge, volcanoes, hot spots, mountains, shallow earthquakes

Transform: shallow earthquakes and mid-level earthquakes

O/O Convergence: Trench, volcanoes, hot spots, mountains, shallow earthquakes, mid level earthquakes, deep earthquakes

O/C Convergence: trench, volcanoes, hot spots, mountains, shallow earthquakes, mid level earthquakes, deep earthquakes

C/C Convergence: mountains, shallow earthquakes, mid level earthquakes.

Front 22

How is density calculated and what is density?

Back 22

How concentrated in the mass (atoms and molecules ) in an object or material is

Density is calculated with this formula: D=M/V

Front 23

If given density values, how can you layer different substances without actually putting them in a container?

Back 23

You can determine that the substances with lower density will rise and the substances with more density will sink

Front 24

Which type of crust is more dense?

Back 24

The oceanic crust because basalt has a higher density than granite (continental crust)

Front 25

Using density values, how do you determine if something sinks or floats?

Back 25

If something sinks, it has a higher density. If something floats, it has a lower density.

Front 26

What are the different sources of Earth's internal heat?

Back 26

Decay of radioactive elements, original heat of Earth's formation, impact of meteorites early in Earth's history.

Front 27

Temperature increases with _______.

Back 27

Depth

Front 28

What is some of the evidence that Wegener used to develop his idea of continental drift?

Back 28

Fossils that share some characteristics that lie on the edge of continents and rock layers: Rock sequences were nearly the same at corresponding points on both sides of the Atlantic.

Front 29

What is thermal convection and what are the affects of it on matter?

Back 29

Thermal convection: process in which a liquid material moves due to heating differences

Heat lowers density- less dense material rises - moves to the side and cools- cooler material sinks due to higher density

Front 30

What drives lithospheric movement?

Back 30

Convection in the mantle