7Th Grade Earth Science

Front 1

Longitude

Back 1

Measurement of the Earth from East to West. From 0 to 180 degrees.Longitude and Latitude are combined to create a single point for example

Front 2

Latitude

Back 2

Measurement of the Earth from North to South. From 0 to 90 degrees

Front 3

Topography

Back 3

Physical features on Earth's surface.

Can draw 2-D pictures of 3-D physical features. Groups of small lines grouped together=Steeper Slope.

Front 4

Divergent Plate Boundary

Back 4

Boundary created when two plates move away from each other.

2 Continental Plates=Rift Valley

2 Oceanic Plates=Mid-Ocean Ridge Created

Front 5

Convergent Plate Boundary

Back 5

Boundary created when two plates move together.

1 Continental+1 Oceanic=Oceanic Crust (denser) slides underneath a continental plate.

2 Continental=Push together to from mountain ranges, volcanoes, and volcanic islands.

Front 6

Transform Plate Boundary

Back 6

Two plates sliding past each other. If the two plates slip, an earthquake can be created.

Front 7

Convection Currents

Back 7

Process where heated magma in the Asthenosphere (lower part of the mantle), expands and loses it's density, causing it to float to the top. As the magma goes higher, it cools, becomes, more dense, and falls back down, in a constant cycle.

Front 8

Core

Back 8

There are three main layers, each with their own sections:

Crust:

Oceanic Crust: Thin, usually basalt

Land Crust: Thick, usually granite

Includes bedrock

Front 9

Earthquakes

Back 9

Caused when two plates slip on each other. Occur on fault lines (boundaries between plates) -either transform or convergent.

Front 10

Primary (P) Waves

Back 10

First type of wave after an earthquake.

Move back and forth quickly, no major "waves" are created.

Front 11

Secondary (S) Waves

Back 11

Second type of wave tp arrive. Slower moving, creates "waves." Cannot move through liquids.

Front 12

Igneous Rocks

Back 12

Created by magma (underground, intrusive) or lava (aboveground, extrusive) cooling. Intrusive rocks cool much slower than extrusive, and have a much larger crystal size.

Characteristics: Crystals, Gas Bubbles

Front 13

Sedimentary Rocks

Back 13

Created by sediment compacting and cementing in a body of water over a long period of time.

Characteristics: Pebbles, Fossils

Front 14

Metamorphic Rocks

Back 14

Created by heat and pressure realigning the mineral makeup of a rock.

Characteristics:

Front 15

Mantle

Back 15

Mantle:

Lithosphere: Includes crust and top part of mantle. Rigid.

Asthenosphere: Lower part of mantle. Convection occurs.

Front 16

Core

Back 16

Core:

Mostly iron and nickel

Outer Core: LiquidInner Core: Solid because of pressure.