• Shuffle
    Toggle On
    Toggle Off
  • Alphabetize
    Toggle On
    Toggle Off
  • Front First
    Toggle On
    Toggle Off
  • Both Sides
    Toggle On
    Toggle Off
  • Read
    Toggle On
    Toggle Off
Reading...
Front

Card Range To Study

through

image

Play button

image

Play button

image

Progress

1/60

Click to flip

Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;

Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;

H to show hint;

A reads text to speech;

60 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
plate tectonics
a theory that explains the motions of earth's continents that is driven by sea floor spreading
lithosphere
earth's crust
continental drift
a theory that says that all of the continents are moving across earths surface (part of plate tectonics)
evidence of continental drift
fossil evidence, glacial striations/grooves, rock deposits, jigsaw puzzle fit of modern currents
pangeaa
super continent
Wegener
proposed the theory of continental drift
Harry Hess
convection in the mantle is the driving force behind magma rising to the surface causing sea floor spreading
hot spots
long lived source of magma within the asthenosphere and below the moving lithospheric plates. Ex. Hawaii
active continental margin
if the coastline of a continent lies along a plate boundary
ex. frequent earthquakes, numerous volcanoes and mountains, oceanic trenches occur (West coasts of US and Africa)
passive continental margin
occur when no plate boundary is near the coastline. Ex - stable areas with alot of shallow water off coasts (East coasts of US and Africa)
mountains ranges form this way
when oceanic crust collides with continental crust, the crust wrinkles up forming mt ranges (Rocky Mts, Andes)
mountain ranges form this way
continents collide (Swiss Alps, Himalayas)
faults
a crack in the earth's crust along which movement occurs
normal faults
when one side of a fault drops lower than the other side
reverse faults
when one sideof a fault rises higher than the other side (imp in mountain building)
strike slip faults
when 2 sides of a fault move horizontally past one another
folds
during plate collisions, rock layers that were once horizontal are crumpled into folds
anticline
if the fold points upward
syncline
if the fold points down
volcanoes
friction between colliding plates can generate magman which rises through the crust to form volcanoes
uplifting
level layers of rock are raised to a higher elevation in a mountain building event
tilting
when level rock layers get pushed upwards, they can be tilted as the form anticlines or synclines
overturning
severe tilting causes rock layers to lie bottom side up
evidence of overturning
ripple marks in rocks from waves in shallow water, cross bedding from shifting water, mud cracks when wet mud dries up, if shell fossils have their open sides down - no overturning has occurred.
joints
cracks or breaks in the bedrock where no apparent movement has occurred
Dome Mountains
a huge fold of rock layers that forms a small mountain (Adirondacks are dome mts)
lithosphere (crust)
100km thick
much thicker under the continents than it is under the ocean basins
lithosphere
floats on the upper layer of the mantle called the asthenosphere
lithosphere
as heated magma rises from the Earth's core, convection currents move the plates of the lithosphere around
sea floor spreading
at the center of the Atlantic Ocean the plates are separating
separation clues
1-similar mineral compositions and ages of rocks
2-similar mineral alignment of magnetic particles toward normal and reverse polarity)
converging (convergent plate boundaries)
Subduction zones - where old, cool lithosphere sinkds into earth
diverging (divergent plate boundaries)
Rift Boundaries - lithospheric plates are moving away from one another
transform (strike -slip)
lithospheric plates are sliding against one another
boundary movement (caused by upper mantle convection currents)
at diverging boundaries - plates undergo "ridge push"
boundary movement (caused by upper mantle convection currents)
at converging boundaries, the plates undergo "slab-pull"
earths 4 layers
crust, mantle, outer core, inner core,
divergent boundaries
- rift valleys and ridgesm fault block mountains, new crust is formed here
convergent boundaries
subduction zones - ocean trenches, folded mountain ranges, volcanic arc mountain ranges,island arcs, fold block mountain ranges
transform boundaries
fault block mountains
-many strong earthquakes
-no crust is created or destroyed
ex - San Andreas fault
oceanic - continental
the denser oceanic crust (basaltic) gets subducted
oceanic-oceanic
the older, denser of the two oceanic gets subducted
continental-continental
the denser, older of the two may be partially subducted
fault-block mountains
the Himalayas and the Appalachian mts
Alfred Wegener proposed the theory of Continental drift
True
the theory of CD was accepted as soon as it was proposed
false
the theory of Plate tectonics states that earth's outermost layer, the lithosphere is broken into 10 rigid pieces called plates
false
the plates all move in the same direction and at the same speed
false
the place where the plates meet is called a plate boundary
true
boundaries have different names depending on how the 2 plates are moving in relationship to each other
true
boundaries in which the plates are crashing together are called transform boundaries
true
earth is divided into 4 chemical layers - core, mantle,the crust and the shell
false
the core is divided into solid inner core and a liquid outer core
true
the mantle is made of minerals rich in the elements iron, magnesium, silicon and oxygen
true
two types of crust are
oceanic crust and contintental crust
oceanic crust is made mostly of relatively dense rock called
basalt
the outermost layers of the earth can be divided by their physical properties into the
lithosphere and mantle
The rigid outermost layer made of crust and uppermost mantle
lithosphere
the asthenosphere is part of the mantle that flows, a characteristic called
plastic behavior